Co-localization of glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide in testudine pancreas

Summary Immunocytochemistry was carried out on sections of pancreas from the gopher tortoise,Gopherus polyphemus. Combined immunofluorescent and peroxidase-anti-peroxidase techniques showed unequivocally that some of the cells were immunoreactive for both glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Antibodies directed against avian PP, bovine PP, and human PP all have a positive reaction. Co-localization of glucagon and PP in the pancreas of the gopher tortoise indicates that the occurrence of these hormones in the same cells is widespread in higher vertebrates.Acknowledgments. This work was supported in part by grants from the University of Cape Town, the M. Crossley bequest, the N. Atkinson bequest, and Herman and Caporn bequests. The generous gifts of antisera by Dr Chance and the late Dr Kimmel, and the gift of hormones by the Lilly Research Laboratories are gratefully acknowledged. The excellent technical assistance of J. Thompson and J. B. De Haan is also gratefully acknowledged. Please send all correspondence to the USA address.     

Cationic and secretory effects of BPDZ 44 and diazoxide in rat pancreatic islets

The present study aimed at comparing the effects of low concentrations of BPDZ 44, a new pyridothiadiazine derivative, and diazoxide on⁸⁶Rb outflow,⁴⁵Ca outflow,⁴⁵Ca uptake and insulin release from rat pancreatic islets. Both drugs caused similar modifications, but the effects of BPDZ 44 on the cationic and secretory events were much more marked than those of diazoxide. It is suggested that BPDZ 44 could be valuable tool for further studies of the K_ATP channels.     

Effect of a restricted diet on the in vitro glucose-induced insulin release of aging rats

To study the effect of a sudden loss of body weight on the -cell function of aging rats, basal and glucose-induced insulin secretion was measured in pancreatic islets obtained from young (2-month-old), adult (12-month-old) and aging (24-month-old) rats, either fed ad libitum or fed a restricted diet (50% caloric restriction). Basal insulin secretion was similar in islets of young, adult and older rats. Glucose stimulated insulin release was significantly reduced in aging rats as compared to young animals. Animals fed a restricted diet showed a prolonged and higher secretory rate during first phase release when compared to animals fed ad libitum.     

十二指肠残端外瘘11例临床分析

胃大部切除毕Ⅱ式吻合术后发生十二指肠外瘘是近期严重并发症之一，死亡率较高．分析ll例十二指肠残端外瘘的资料，指出其发生原因多为残端止液循环障碍，以及技术错误和技术缺陷．一旦发生，早期诊断，及时地进行手术引流，直接与预后相关．治疗上主要采用输入输出袢侧侧吻合和残端引流，手术的关键在于引流的通畅，应用多余引流管配合负压吸引，取得比较好的疗效。     

螺旋CT双期增强扫描在胰腺癌诊断中的价值

目的 :探讨螺旋CT双期增强扫描诊断胰腺癌的价值。方法 :16例胰腺癌患者行螺旋CT双期增强扫描 ,动脉期延迟 2 5s,门静脉期延迟 60s ,以 3mL/s团注造影剂 80～ 10 0mL。测量肿瘤和正常胰腺组织的CT值 ,计算肿瘤 -胰腺密度差 ,同时对胰腺周围血管进行观察评价。结果 :肿瘤的平均CT值动脉期和门静脉期分别为 (4 7± 8)HU、(5 3± 10 )HU ;正常胰腺动脉期和门静脉期的CT值分别为 (10 9± 16)HU ,(76± 13)HU ;肿瘤 -胰腺密度差动脉期和门静脉期各为 (70± 18)、(2 3± 12 )HU ,二者差异明显 (P <0 0 1)。胰周动脉侵犯在动脉期显示好 ,静脉侵犯在门静脉期显示好。结论 :螺旋CT双期增强扫描动脉期可获得最大的肿瘤 -胰腺密度差 ,动脉期结合门静脉期对胰周血管侵犯的评价更全面 ,提高了胰腺癌手术可切除性评价的准确性。     

Glucose-induced Ca2+ signals in rat pancreatic β cells

Using microfluorometry to assay intracellular Ca2+ , the influences of varied factors on glucose induced Ca22+ signals, such as glucose-induced initial decline phase (GIDP), Ca2+ oscillation, and Ca2+ release from internal stores, were investigated in single rat pancreatic β cells. Glucose was able to evoke GIDP even at non-stimulus concentration (5 mol/L), which is insufficient to induce Ca2+ spikes. GIDP was dependent on neither membrane depo larization nor extraeellular Ca2+ . However, GIDP was inhibited by thapsigargin, indicating a dependence on Ca2+ up take by Ca22+ stores. The glucose-induced calcium oscillation was inhibited when external Ca2+ was removed. However, thapsigargin could not block the Ca2+ oscillation. These results suggest that maintenance of Ca22+ oscillation requires ex tracellular Ca2+ but not Ca2+ stores. Glucose was able to evoke Ca2+ signals even in the absence of external Ca2+ . The glucose-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores was blocked by TTX. However, TTX had no effect on high K--induced Ca2+ store release, suggesting that membrane depolarization can directly release Ca2+ from some internal Ca2+ stores in β cells.     

抗血小板剂对内皮化人工血管动静脉瘘通畅率的影响

目的：探索抗血小板剂对人工血管动静脉瘘血栓形成的影响。方法：将人工血管接种内皮细胞后,给动物犬股动静脉造成动静脉瘘（ＡＶＦ）,术后用抗血小板剂,观察对ＡＶＦ血栓形成的影响,结果：使用抗血小板剂动物的动静脉瘘肉眼血栓形成率为２２．２２％,对照组为４１．６７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：抗血小板剂能改善实验动物内皮细胞作衬里的人工血管移植动静脉瘘的通畅率。     

保守治疗胸内食管胃吻合口瘘八例的体会

胸内食管胃吻合口瘘(以下称吻合口痿)是食管癌切除术后早期死亡的首要原因,其死亡率高达50％左右。对其采用保守治疗或争取时机第二次开胸处理各家意见不一。自1979年6月至1987年5月,作者采用保守治疗8例胸内吻合口瘘,结果7例治愈1例死亡。文中提出由十二指肠管饲为主要途径,以支持营养为核心的综合性保守治疗,同时强调必须坚持斜坡位防止胃液对吻合口的侵蚀至关重要。并认为在应用抗菌素控制感染的同时辅以中药煎剂口服,可促使瘘口愈合,缩短病程。     

褐藻寡糖对热应激小鼠肝脏和胰腺的影响

探讨褐藻寡糖对小鼠抗热应激能力的影响和对热应激小鼠肝脏和胰腺的影响.将小鼠随机分成五组,每组8只.分别用生理盐水和0.75%,1.5%,3%不同浓度的褐藻寡糖进行灌胃,每只每天灌胃量0.3~0.5 mL,连续灌胃4周.之后对照组和实验组分别45℃±1℃条件下进行热应激试验,观察应激前、后体重和体温的变化、存活时间及行为改变;待小鼠死亡后,分别取出肝脏和胰腺,用电子天平称重,并计算其系数.系数=脏器(mg)/体重(g)×100?.结果表明:热应激时,小鼠表现为烦躁不安,呼吸频率加快,发汗明显,体重下降,体温升高;存活时间1.5%褐藻寡糖组较对照组提高,差异显著(P<0.05);肝脏和胰腺系数提高.结论:褐藻寡糖能够提高小鼠的抗热应激能力,1.5%浓度为最佳;肝脏和胰腺不同程度参与了热应激反应,胰腺较肝脏活动明显.     

胆瘘对肝包虫囊肿囊内环境影响的研究

为探讨胆瘘对包虫囊肿囊内环境的影响,选取Ⅰ型未发生胆瘘肝包虫囊肿10例,Ⅲ型胆瘘肝包虫囊肿10例,应用精密p H值测定仪检测肝包虫囊肿囊液p H值的变化;采用穿刺测压法检测肝包虫囊肿囊内压力的变化;应用冰点渗透压测定仪检测肝包虫囊肿囊液渗透压的变化;采用苏木素-伊红染色,观察不同分型包虫囊肿内囊生发层的病理改变。结果显示:Ⅰ型肝包虫囊肿囊液p H值平均为7.42,Ⅲ型肝包虫囊肿囊液p H值平均为7.23,其均呈碱性,二者间差异有统计学意义(P0.01);Ⅰ型肝包虫囊肿囊内压力平均14.98 cm,Ⅲ型包虫囊肿囊内压力平均7.62 cm,二者间差异有统计学意义(P0.01);Ⅰ型肝包虫囊肿囊液渗透压平均263.6 m Osm,Ⅲ型包虫囊肿其囊液渗透压平均274.1 m Osm,二者间差异有统计学意义(P0.01);Ⅰ型与Ⅲ型肝包虫囊肿内囊生发层镜下改变差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。由此可知,胆瘘是导致肝包虫囊肿内环境变化的重要原因之一。