电解法处理染料废水的实验研究

采用电解法对染料废水进行处理，主要研究了影响去除效果的因素以及在最佳工艺条件下染料废水的脱色效果．结果表明当进水的pH为5～7，电压6．5V，时间40min时，COD去除率可达80％以上，色度去除率可达69%以上．     

移动化学反应界面实验装置的改进

针对移动化学反应界面实验的4个难以解决的关键问题,在W.K.Chen实验装置的基础上,设计了一种新的多移动化学反应界面实验装置,在对CoCl2与NaOH形成的移动化学反应界面进行实验对比的同时,对KCl KBr与AgNO3形成的多移动化学反应界面进行了实验研究.结果表明,该装置能很好地避免电解时产生的H 、OH-的干扰,反应界面清晰,实验精度较高,能节省大量的阴、阳极液,稳定性好.     

Leaching Mechanism of Complicated Antimony-Lead Concentrate and Sulfur Formation in Slurry Electrolysis

Anodic reaction mechanism of complicated antimony-lead concentrate in slurry electrolysis was investigated by the anodic polarization curves determined under various conditions. The main reactions on the anode are the oxidations of FeCln^(2-n) . Though the oxidation of jamesonite particle on the anode can occur during the whole process, it is less. With the help of mineralogy studies and relevant tests, the leaching reaction mechanism of jameson[to and gudmundite during slurry electrolysis was ascertained. Because of the oxidation reaction of FeCl3 produced by antimony-lead concentrate itself, the non-oxidation complex acid dissolution of jameson[re, the oxidation complex acid dissolution of gudmundite, and the oxidation of air carried by stirring, the leaching ratio of antimony reaches about 35% when HCl-NH4Cl solution is used to leach antimony-lead concentrate directly. So when the theoretical electric quantity is given to oxidation of antimony in slurry electrolysis, all of antimony, lead and iron containing in antimony-lead concentrate, are leached. The formation of sulfur is through the directly redox reaction of Fe^3 and jameson[re. The S^2- in jamesonite is oxidized into S^0 , and forms the crystals of sulfur again on the spot. The redox reaction of Fe^3 and H2S formed by non-oxidative acid dissolution of jamesonite is less.     

二元溶剂[Bmim]Cl+NMP对褐煤的溶胀及电解液化的影响

本文在课题组已有的离子液体对煤进行溶胀预处理的研究基础上,进一步研究了多种含离子液体的二元混合溶剂.结果表明,[Bmim]Cl+NMP对神华褐煤的溶胀效果最佳.通过研究二元溶剂中[Bmim]Cl的体积分数、溶胀温度及时间对煤的溶胀度及其电化学还原反应的影响,发现[Bmim]Cl的体积分数为0.5时,煤的溶胀度较高.神华煤在[Bmim]Cl+NMP中溶胀12h即可达到平衡.提高温度不仅可以缩短达到溶胀平衡所需的时间,还可以进一步破坏煤的结构,提高溶胀度.神华褐煤在150℃下溶胀12h,溶胀度可达到3.93.通过二元溶剂[Bmim]Cl+NMP对煤的溶胀处理能提高煤电解加氢还原的反应活性,有利于提高煤的液化率,使电解液化率从31.66%提高到62.27%.     

软氮化处理的铸铁材料的滑动磨损抗力

通过磨损试验、金相及X射线衍射分析等手段,研究了经软氮化处理的4种铸铁材料渗层(化合物层和扩散层)的滑动磨损抗力,结果表明,经处理的4种材料在干摩擦条件下其耐磨性与未处理的相比均有提高,其中H类材料优于Q类材料;耐磨性的提高主要归功于扩散层,且随扩散层深度的增加而增加;原材料的差异影响了渗层的质量状态,从而使各材料耐磨性提高的幅度各不相同。     

非晶与单晶硅电解掺氢的研究

用电解方法在非晶硅中掺入了原子氢，使非晶硅中悬挂键的ＥＳＲ信号明显下降，相应悬键密度由２．５×１０￣（１８）ｃｍ￣（－３）下降为８×１０￣（１７）ｃｍ￣（－３）．并发现以Ｈ＿３ＰＯ＿４为电解液时，对作为阴极的非晶硅和Ｐ型单晶硅均有轻度的腐蚀作用，在Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４中电解，温度高达２２０℃，对硅也无腐蚀作用．     

成对电解法制取葡萄糖酸和山梨醇

探讨了用葡萄糖成对电解氧化还原法制取葡萄糖酸和山梨醇的工艺条件，对直接电解法和间接电解法进行了研究比较，分析了它们的优缺点，以期打到实现工业化生产的途径。     

阳极溶出极谱法测定水中微量元素镉

本文介绍了运用阳极溶出极谱法直接测定水中微量元素镉的方法．本法操作简单，测量速度快，灵敏度达３×１０－７ｍｏｌ－１，回收率达９４．４％．     

含氰废水除氰方法研究（Ⅰ）：二氧化铅阳极电解

测定了在陶基二氧化铅电极上氧和氰的过电位及析出电位，对二氧化铅阳极电解除氰的电解参数进行了研究．用该法处理含氰浓度５×１０－２％～３％的废水后，残留ＣＮ－离子浓度小于５×１０－５％，电解的电流效率比用石墨阳极电解提高了２倍左右．