Energy flow and community structure in freshwater ecosystems

The goal of this article is twofold: 1) It aims at providing an overview on some major results obtained from energy flow studies in individuals, populations, and communities, and 2) it will also focus on major mechanisms explaining community structures. The basis for any biological community to survive and establish a certain population density is on the one hand energy fixation by primary producers together with adequate nutrient supply and the transfer of energy between trophic levels (p166041m/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">bottom-up effectp166041m/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">). On the other hand, predator pressures may strongly control prey population densities one or more trophic levels below (p166041m/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">top-down effectp166041m/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">). Other interpopulation effects include competition, chemical interactions and evolutionary genetic processes, which further interact and result in the specific structuring of any community with respect to species composition and population sizes.     

稀土与对-茴香酸配合物的合成与性质

本文合成了通式为ＲＥＬ３（ＲＥ３＋＝Ｐｒ３＋、Ｓｍ３＋、Ｔｂ３＋,,Ｌ＝对茴香酸根）的二元配合物．用元素分析、电导、ＩＲ、ＵＶ、ＴＧＤＴＡ等对其结构和性质进行了表征．该类配合物属桥式双齿配位     

Antiviral activities of anthraquinones,bianthrones and hypericin derivatives from lichens

The antiviral activities of some naturally occurring anthraquinones bianthrones, and hypericin derivatives were compared by the end-point CPE (viral cytopathic effects) method and plaque assays. Under optimal conditions of exposure to light, hypericin, 7,7p5r/xxlarge8242.gif" alt="prime" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-dichlorohypericin and 5,7-dichloroemodin exhibited strong inhibitory activity against HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus type 1) in both assays. Partial inactivation of the virus was shown by emodin, 7-chloroemodin and 7-chloro-1-O-methylemodin; the bianthrones and other anthraquinones were found to be inactive. Antiviral activity appeared to be, positively correlated with increasing substitution of chlorine in the anthraquinone structure. In the absence of light, only hypericin and 7,7p5r/xxlarge8242.gif" alt="prime" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-dichlorohypericin displayed detectable activity.     

Cyclophosphamide-impaired regulation of hepatic heme metabolism

Summary Im male rats hepatic cytochromes b₅ and P-450 were reduced at different times after treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP) (200 mg/kg i.p. for 3 days). In contrast, microsomal heme did not change until 48 h after the last dose of CP, leading to accumulation of heme in a p5906r65nt543544/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">non-cytochromalp5906r65nt543544/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> form. Parallel to the above changes the heme metabolism showed derangement: p5906r65nt543544/xxlarge948.gif" alt="delta" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-aminolaevulinate synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme in heme synthesis, was depressed and heme oxygenase, the enzyme which catalyzes the oxidative degradation of heme, was increased.     

当代大学生心理状况分析及改善措施

当代大学生心理状况令人担忧，部分大学生存在着不同程度的心理疾病。导致当代大学生心理状况恶化的原因有很多，但主要是现有的心理健康教育机制已不能适应当代大学生的需求；并且这些大学生不能有效地利用社会和学校提供的心理问题帮助资源。面对挫折时不能及时地调整好自己的心态，使自己产生了心理疾病且不去积极地寻求治疗。要改变这一状况，一方面国家、高校要逐步改变现有的大学生心理教育机制，使之适舍大学生的需求；另一方面，大学生要利用好各种社会资源，不断提高自己的心理素质。出现心理问题时，主动寻求帮助，使自己尽快走出心理困境。     

射流悬浮床气固两相流动的数值模拟

从多相流多流体模型、气相湍流k-ε模型与颗粒湍流k_p模型出发,对底部向上射流悬浮床内气固两相流动进行数值模拟,得到了不同入口气速下各截面的颗粒相速度场、颗粒相脉动速度场的分布,结果与实验定性一致。计算结果与实验值对比的结果表明,数值模拟对进一步的研究有指导意义。数值结果与实测值间存在的差异则有待于进行直接三维流动模拟、进一步考察更为合理的边界条件及应用更先进的模型来解决。     

预处理时间和温度对Al2O3p-TiCp/Al复合材料的反应温度特征的影响

研究了预处理温度和时间对Al-TiO2-C体系XD反应温度特征和复合材料组织的影响,结果表明,为了获得理想的Al2O3p-TiCp/Al复合材料,预处理温度和时间有一个最佳的工艺范围.体系在本实验的工艺条件下,当预处理温度高于670 ℃时,由于反应程度加强,不利于体系在随后升温烧结过程中发生快速的放热反应,从而导致体系反应不完全.预处理时间小于30 min,会导致体系反应不完全;预处理时间大于60 min时,组织中Al3Ti含量增高.合适的预处理时间为30～60 min,预处理温度为670 ℃.     

水平轴变转速风力机气动参数辨识

文章对变转速水平轴风力机气动参数辨识的问题进行了研究 .风轮的功率曲线为风力机气动性能的整体体现 ,直接影响系统的经济性与控制性能 .通常情况下 ,功率曲线与桨距角和叶尖速比有关 ,可以看成是它们的非线性函数 ,一般由气动性能计算得到 .本文首先利用辨识算法 ,在风轮功率曲线的函数形式假设已知的前提下 ,利用测量的输入输出数据 ,辨识出功率曲线函数的参数 .最后 ,利用辨识出的曲线参数 ,预估系统风轮转速 ,并与测量的转速对比 ,以验证辨识模型的准确性 .     

几种有机污染物在水中溶解度的测定

采用升温法测定了对硝基苯胺、对苯二酚及苯甲酰胺在水中的溶解度，并根据所测数据给出了三种物质在水中溶解度的经验回归式。     

3,5—二卤代—4—羟基苯甲腈的合成

对羟基苯甲酸在溶剂中与尿素反应生成对羟基苯甲腈，产物车溴素和氯酸钠、碘和氯气和反应制得相应的３，５－二卤代－４－羟基苯甲腈。