DO对短程反硝化过程中N2O产量的影响

利用SBR反应器,考察不同溶解氧(DO)条件下NO2-反硝化过程中N2O产生及释放过程。研究结果表明:控制曝气量为0.3 L/min,进水NO2--N质量浓度为40 mg/L,体系DO质量浓度分别为0,0.1,0.3,0.5和0.7 mg/L时,反硝化过程N2O释放量分别为0.41,0.60,2.62,4.98,6.83 mg/L;随DO质量浓度的增加,反硝化速率明显降低;当DO质量浓度由0 mg/L增至0.7 mg/L时,每克混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)的NO2-反硝化速率由14.9 mg/(L.h)降至10.2 mg/(L.h),每克MLSS的N2O产生速率由0.2 mg/(L.h)增至1.9 mg/(L.h)。其原因为:高DO质量浓度对氧化亚氮还原酶具有较强的毒性,抑制了N2O的进一步还原过程;高NO2-的存在导致抑制了氧化亚氮还原酶的活性。降低A/O和A2/O等生物脱氮过程中缺氧反应器内部DO质量浓度,保证严格缺氧条件,是减少短程生物反硝化过程中N2O产量的关键因素。     

Variable diffusion boundary layer and diffusion flux at sediment-water interface in response to dynamic forcing over an intertidal mudflat

The diffusion boundary layer (DBL) significantly limits the exchange between sediment and overlying water and therefore becomes a bottleneck of diffusive vertical flux at the sediment-water interface (SWI). Variable DBL thickness and diffusion flux in response to dynamic forcing may influence replenishment of nutrients and secondary pollution in coastal waters. In situ measurements of velocity in the bottom boundary layer (BBL) and oxygen concentration in the DBL were made over an intertidal mudflat, using an acoustic Doppler current and mini profiler. A linear distributed zone in the oxygen profile, the profile slope discontinuity and variance of concentration can be used to derive accurate DBL thickness. Diffusion fluxes calculated from the water column and sediment are identical, and their bias is less than 6%. A numerical model PROFILE is used to simulate the in situ dissolved oxygen profile, and layered dissolved oxygen consumption rates in the sediment are calculated. The DBL thickness (0.10-0.35 mm) and diffusion flux (15.4-53.6 mmol m 2 d 1) vary with a factor of 3.5 during a tidal period. Over an intertidal mudflat, DBL thickness is controlled by flow speed U in the BBL, according to δDBL=1686.1DU 1+0.1 (D is the molecular diffusion coefficient). That is, the DBL thickness δDBL increases with decreasing flow speed U. Changes of diffusion flux at the SWI are caused by variations in the water above the sediment and the turbulent mixing intensity. The diffusion flux is positively related to the turbulent dissipation rate, friction velocity and turbulent energy. Under the influence of dynamics in the BBL, DBL thickness and flux vary significantly.     

较低温固体电解质催化氧传感器的研究

制备了不同的固体电解质，测量电极和参比电极，利用应答实验研究了固体电解质，测量电极对氧传感器的影响，利用恒电流实验选择了合适的参比电极，并研究了程度，氧浓度对电池应答的影响，考察了其稳定性，并进一步进行了阴极极化和阳极极化的研究。     

不同氧气浓度煤样耗氧特性实验研究

在不同氧气浓度下煤的耗氧速度不同,从而使煤的自燃性产生差异.通过在不同氧气浓度条件下对煤样进行程序升温氧化实验,测定分析煤样在不同温度时的耗氧速度,研究氧气浓度对煤氧化自燃性的影响关系,提出了低氧气浓度条件下,煤样在不同温度时的耗氧可分为扩散耗氧和化学动力耗氧两个阶段.并根据实验数据分析,得出煤的耗氧速度与氧气浓度的1.149次方成正比.图4,表2,参7.     

锂-氧气电池锰氧化物电催化剂研究

制备了一系列锰系氧化物的纳米棒,作为锂空气电池中的催化剂,对其放电容量和循环性能进行了测试．结果表明高比表面的催化剂有利于Li2O2的分解,使电池的循环性能大大的提高．以刺球型γ-MnO2为催化剂的锂空气电池具有最高的可逆比容量,循环5圈后仍有2350mAh·g^-1,相对整个电极的比容量为1175mAh·g^-1,是常规锂电池的10倍．根据不同MnO2催化剂所表现出的不同催化性能,提出了可能的催化剂失效机理．     

Ru/Mn_xCe_(1-x)O_2催化苯甲醇液相氧化制苯甲醛

采用3种不同方法制备了Mnx Ce1-x O2载体,并通过负载Ru制得2.5%Ru/Ru/Mnx Ce1-x O2催化剂,考察了载体的制备方法、焙烧温度及n(Mn)∶n(Mn+Ce)对催化剂活性的影响.实验结果表明,由溶胶-凝胶法、n(Mn)∶n(Mn+Ce)=0.50、773K下焙烧制备的载体所制得的2.5%Ru/Ru/Mnx Ce1-x O2催化剂的活性最高,在333K下反应1h,苯甲醛产率达67.4%.XRD、N2物理吸附及SEM表征表明,该条件下制备的Mn0.5Ce0.5O2-sol-gel-773K载体具有完整的孔结构,较大的比表面积,且能够形成较多高分散的Ce-Mn-O复合氧化物.     

Ti-Ni-C系反应超音速火焰喷涂合成研究

以Ti粉、Ni粉和石墨为原料,制备了3种喷涂粉末,研究了制粒方式和粉末组成对超音速火焰合成金属陶瓷涂层组织的影响。结果表明,制粒方式在喷涂过程中对反应程度和涂层相组成起到关键的影响作用,聚乙烯醇(PVA)制粒比混合制粒更有利于喷涂过程中反应的进行,PVA制粒粉末喷涂涂层的相组成为TiC,Ni和少量Ti与Ni的氧化物,混合制粒粉末喷涂涂层中含有大量的氧化物相;超音速火焰喷涂合成过程中,粉末组分中一定量的Ti和Ni被氧化,增加Ni与C的含量对喷涂粉末的氧化有一定的抑制作用。     

氧与活性氧

讨论了活性氧的产生与化学活性．氧及活性氧会对机体造成伤害,活性氧中极其有害的是．ＯＨ、ＨＯ·２和Ｏ１２Δｇ等．但生物进化赋予有机活体一系列清除活性氧、免受其害的机制,如化学抗氧化系统、酶抗氧化系统、损伤修复功能、细胞免疫系统、细胞色素防御系统等．正是机体内活性氧的产生与清除速率间的平衡,活性氧引起的损伤与修复速率之间的平衡使活体得以维持生机．对人们关于一些疾病与活性氧关系的认识作了扼要介绍．     

微波法制备α-四(4-羧基苯氧基)酞菁锌及其光催化性能

采用微波辐照法合成了α-四（4-羧基苯氧基）酞菁锌（ZnPc）,以UV-Vis,FT-IR等手段对其进行了表征,并以碘量法测定了产物的单线态氧量子产率。结果表明：以2mL N,N二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）为溶剂,0.4mL 1, 8二氮杂二环[5, 4, 0]十一碳-7-烯（DBU）为催化剂,0.1g 3-4-羧基苯氧基邻苯二甲腈及0.03g ZnCl 2,800W微波辐照180s后,可得到产率为75.3%的ZnPc,比传统加热合成产率提高了403%。对1, 3二苯基苯并呋喃（DPBF）光漂白实验表明,所合成的ZnPc具有较高的单线态量子产率、光活性和稳定性。     

Perovskite-type B-site Bi-doped ceramic membranes for oxygen separation

Novel mixed conducting oxides, B-site Bi-doped perovskites were exploited and synthesized.Cubic perovskite structures were formed for BaBi0.2CoyFe0.8-yO3-δ (y≤0.4) and BaBixCo0.2Fe0.8-xO3-δ(x=0.1-0.5).The materials exhibited considerable high oxygen permeability at high temperature.The oxygen permeation flux of BaBi0.2Co0.35Fe0.45O3-δ membrane reached about 0.77×10-6 mol/cm2.s under an air/helium oxygen partial pressure gradient at 900℃, which was much higher than that of other bismuth-contained mixed conducting membranes.The permeation fluxes of the materials increased with the increase of cobalt content, but no apparent simple relationship was found with the bismuth content.The materials also demonstrated excellent reversibility of oxygen adsorption and desorption.Stable time-related oxygen permeation fluxes were found for BaBi0.2Co0.35Fe0.45O3-δ and BaBi0.3Co0.2Fe0.5O3-δ membranes at 875℃.