16,17,18,19,20,21,23O入射全反应截面的系统学研究

文章在前期工作liang et al[1] Ap＜4的轻复杂粒子入射的基础上,对16,17,18,19,20,21,23O入射与各种靶核发生反应的全反应截面进行系统学研究,通过考虑能量相关和原子核质量数相关,获取了一套100 MeV/核子以下不同能量入射的核-核反应全反应截面计算模型.所得模型计算结果不仅与氧入射全反应截面实验数据相符合,同时不改变原来Ap＜4的全反应截面模型的计算结果.     

纳米氧化镧的制备及性能研究

采用热分解法、溶胶-凝胶法和沉淀法制备了纳米氧化镧,并对其进行XRD、BET、TEM、CO2-TPD和O2-TPD表征.结果表明,由不同制备方法获得的纳米氧化镧都为六方晶相结构,但由沉淀法制得的纳米氧化镧的颗粒最小(30～50nm),由溶胶-凝胶法制得的纳米氧化镧的比表面积最大(20.8m2.g-1),因而这两种方法获得的纳米氧化镧具有较好的吸附氧能力.     

Variability of snail growing season at the Chinese Loess Plateau during the last 75 ka

Knowledge of seasonal climate change is one of the key issues facing Quaternary paleoclimatic studies and estimating seasonal climate change is difficult,especially changes such as seasonal length on glacial-interglacial timescales.The stable isotope composition from seasonal land snail shells provides the potential to reveal seasonal climatic features.Two modern land snail species,cold-aridiphilous Pupilla aeoli and thermo-humidiphilous Punctum orphana,were collected from different climatic zones in 18 localities across the Chinese Loess Plateau,spanning 11 degrees of longitude and covering a range of 1000 km2.The duration of the snail growing season(temperature ≥10℃) was shorter(202 ± 6 d) in the eastern Loess Plateau compared with in the western Loess Plateau(162 ±7 d).The δ13C of P.aeoli shells was ?9.1‰ to ?4.7‰ and ?5.0‰ to 0.3‰ for δ18O.For P.orphana,the δ13C ranged from ?9.1‰ to ?1.9‰ and ?8.9‰ to ?2.9‰ for δ18O.Both the δ13C and δ18O differences between the two snail species were reduced from the east to the western Loess Plateau(2.8‰ to 0.2 ± 1.1‰ for δ13C and 4.7‰ to 2.9 ± 1.3‰ for δ18O).These isotopic differences roughly reflect the difference in the growing season lengths between the east and west Loess Plateau indicating that the duration of the snail growing season shortens by 15 d or 19 d if the difference decreases by 1‰ in δ13C or δ18O,respectively.Thus,the difference in δ13C and δ18O between both snail species can be used to reveal the length of the snail growing season in the past.Based on our investigation,the length of the snail growing seasons from the Xifeng region during the last 75 ka was reconstructed.During the mid-Holocene(8-3 ka),the mean isotopic difference from both snail species reached maximum values of 2.6 ± 0.7‰ and 2.1 ± 1.4‰ for δ13C and δ18O,respectively.This was followed by MIS 3 that ranged from 2.5 ± 0.4‰ for δ13C and 1.6 ± 0.8‰ for δ18O.The Last Glacial Maximum changed by only 0.2‰ and 0.4‰ for δ13C and δ18O,respectively.Therefore,we estimate that the duration of the snail growing seasons to be ～200 ± 10 d during the mid-Holocene,190 ± 6 d in MIS 3 and 160 ± 3 d during the last glacial period.     

溶氧对谷氨酸棒杆菌发酵产谷氨酸代谢的影响

分别控制0、5%、30%3种溶氧水平进行谷氨酸分批发酵,考察了3种溶氧水平下谷氨酸棒杆菌发酵的代谢响应。结果表明,随着溶氧降低,发酵液中柠檬酸和α-酮戊二酸的含量降低,三羧酸(TCA)循环还原臂途径中的有机酸含量增加,丙氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸含量也有所增加,在溶氧为0时,乳酸和乙酸大量积累。通过分析不同溶氧水平下的相关酶活和胞内氧化还原状态,发现随着溶氧降低,谷氨酸脱氢酶酶活降低,乳酸脱氢酶酶活升高,胞内氧化还原电势升高,它们的共同作用使氧限制条件下发酵的代谢流流向TCA循环的还原臂途径和乳酸合成途径,导致谷氨酸产量下降。     

催化氧解褐煤生产黄腐植酸的实验研究

对云南曲靖褐煤进行H2O2、HNO3氧解提取黄腐植酸的研究,考察了H2O2、HNO,氧解中N—Mn—TiO2介孔催化剂对黄腐植酸产率和组成结构的影响,对系列氧化产物OFA和NFA进行了官能团含量定性、定量分析,红外光谱分析．研究结果表明：两种N—Mn—TiO2介孔催化剂都能显著提高黄腐植酸的产率,催化剂1（N：Mn：Ti比为16：0．001：1焙烧温度400℃）、催化剂2（N：Mn：Ti比为16：0．001：1焙烧温度100℃）催化H2O2、HNO3氧解时产率较不加时分别增加了32．17％、10．69％和8．61％、7．49％．理化组成研究表明：加入催化剂后,H2O2氧解产物中的总酸性基含量变化不大,羧基含量增加,酚羟基含量降低,HNO3氧解产物中总酸性基、酚羟基含量降低．OFA与NFA的结构组成不同．     

H2O2信息分子功能的探索—H2O2对人中性粒细胞呼吸爆发的反馈调节

ROS 作为信息分子是生命科学研究中继发现 NO 是信息分子后的又一重要事件。探索了外源性 ROS(H_2O_2)对人中性粒细胞(Np)呼吸爆发产物 O_2水平的影响,结果表明外源性 H_2O_2对 Np呼吸爆发水平有反馈调节作用。     

低氧LiF–NdF3熔盐体系阳极过程的电化学行为研究

The oxidation of oxygen ions and the generation of an anode effect at a low oxygen content of 150 mg/kg were discussed in this paper. Cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry tests were conducted to explore the anodic processes of LiF–NdF₃ melt after a lengthy period of pre-electrolysis purification at 1000°C (during which the oxygen content reduced from 413 to 150 mg/kg). The oxidation process of oxygen ions was found to have two stages: oxidation product adsorption and CO/CO₂ gas evolution. The adsorption stage was controlled by diffusion, whereas the gas evolution was controlled by the electrochemical reaction. In comparison with oxygen content of 413 mg/kg, the decrease in the amplitude of the current at low oxygen content of 150 mg/kg was much gentler during the forward scanning process when the anode effect occurred. Fluorine-ion oxidation peaks that occurred at about 4.2 V vs. Li/Li+ could be clearly observed in the reverse scanning processes, in which fluorine ions were oxidized and perfluorocarbons were produced, which resulted in an anode effect.     

‘Revolutions,philosophical as well as civil’: French chemistry and American science in Samuel Latham Mitchill’s Medical Repository

ABSTRACT

From 1797 to 1801 a controversy played out on the pages of the Medical Repository, the first scientific journal published in the United States. At its centre was the well-known feud between the followers of Antoine Lavoisier and Joseph Priestley, the lone supporter of the phlogiston model. The American debate, however, had more than two sides. The Americans chemists, Samuel Latham Mitchill and Benjamin Woodhouse, who rushed to support Priestley did not defend his scientific views. Rather, as citizens of a republic, they defended his right to have them. They also castigated the assertions of the “French chemists,” whose claims that the new chemistry obviated debate seemed unsettlingly similar to the dictatorial ambitions of the French state. Using the Medical Repository, Mitchill and Woodhouse sought a compromise that validated the new chemistry, but united it with a more egalitarian form of discourse. The desired balance eluded them. Priestley proved too stubborn, and as the French Revolution descended into dictatorship and war, Mitchill and Woodhouse came more to realize that truly prising French chemistry from the culture of the revolutionary era. The episode left Mitchill and Woodhouse disillusioned with chemistry and hoping to redirect scientific enthusiasm to more pious ends.     

快速真空变压吸附制氧的排放气充压过程研究

测试了微型制氧吸附剂的平衡吸附特性,在此基础上选出适合快速真空变压吸附制氧的吸附剂. 针对传统的单塔两步快速变压吸附制氧含量低问题,提出了提高产品气氧含量的单塔快速变压吸附制氧的排放气和原料气组合充压流程,并对该流程进行实验研究. 结果表明:在单塔快速真空变压吸附制氧过程中,采用排放气和原料气组合充压流程可以有效提高产品气氧含量. 充压前排放气的压力和氧含量是影响产品气氧含量的关键参数,采取合适的排放气压力和较高氧含量的排放气可获得更高的产品气氧含量. 在吸附和解吸压力分别为240 kPa和60 kPa时,采用排放气和原料气组合充压的快速真空变压吸附流程可获得氧体积分数90%的产品气,其产氧率为325. 08 L·h-1·kg-1 .