Ptn石墨烯体系氧还原反应的第一性原理计算

通过构建单层六方石墨烯(单空位)超晶胞结构, 用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究Pt 石墨烯体系中反应前O₂的吸附(脱附)势 垒及反应过程中H₂O分子和OH的脱附势垒, 并研究Pt团簇石墨烯体系中（Pt₂石墨烯和Pt₄石墨烯）氧还原反应(ORR)的中间产物及其吸附能的变化过程, 给出ORR的最优路径.     

溶胶凝胶法制备Pd/rGO纳米复合材料

利用改性的Hummer法制备氧化石墨烯分散液,以氯化钯为原料制备硝酸钯,两者通过搅拌形成均匀稳定的水溶胶,控制反应温度使其凝胶化,复合材料凝胶冻干之后使用NaBH_4对其进行还原,制得Pd/rGO复合材料.通过SEM和XRD两种表征方法对Pd/rGO复合材料的形貌和结构进行了分析.采用循环伏安法、计时电流曲线方法研究了复合材料对于甲醇氧化反应的催化性能和电化学稳定性.研究结果表明:采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的复合材料对于甲醇氧化反应具有良好的催化性能和电化学稳定性.通过探索反应条件,得到制备Pd/rGO复合材料的优化反应条件为:钯的质量分数为40%,尿素用量为100mg.     

新六方钨氧化合物的合成与掺杂反应

亚稳态六方三氧化钨化合物(h-WO     

氧化球团矿中Fe2O3的结晶规律

以磁铁矿精矿(Fe3O4)为原料,添加粘结剂后进行混合、造球,将生球干燥预热后,在1150～1280℃氧化焙烧6～15 min。将所得氧化球团取样制片,采用显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)对Fe2O3再结晶晶形进行研究。研究结果表明:Fe2O3再结晶主要形成3种晶形,即初晶、发育晶和互连晶;球团矿质量与Fe2O3的晶形有密切关系,3种不同晶形的球团抗压强度有明显差异;随着焙烧温度的升高,初晶→发育晶→互连晶形依次形成,球团抗压强度逐渐提高,当氧化球团矿内部Fe2O3大量形成互连晶时,氧化球团矿抗压强度最高,质量最好。解释了球团抗压强度随温度升高而升高的微观机理;同时验证了氧化球团矿主要靠Fe2O3再结晶的固相固结机理。     

氧化淀粉-明胶共价复合物乳化性质优化研究

以氧化淀粉和明胶为原料,在不同条件下制备二者基于美拉德反应基础上的共价产物。采用Box-Behnken试验对产物的乳化特性进行优化,获得优化实验条件为pH值5.00、反应温度104.70℃、反应时间3.00h。在优化实验条件下获得乳化稳定性为60.90%的样品,与单一明胶乳化剂相比乳化稳定性增加了26.87%。对优化结果进行验证,结果表明在置信因数为95%的条件下存在显著性差异,证实了优化方案的准确性。最后利用紫外吸收光谱验证了复合物为美拉德反应产物,为开发高效蛋白-多糖复合乳化剂提供了思路。     

石墨烯/环氧树脂纳米复合材料温度传感器的热电阻效应

随着对温度传感器性能要求的不断提高,研制一种新型高性能温度传感器具有重要的意义.以石墨烯(graphene)为填料,环氧树脂(EP)为基体,通过超声及行星搅拌共混法制备了不同含量的石墨烯/环氧树脂纳米复合材料薄片,并在其两端加上电极制成温度传感器试件.同时,在温度范围30～100℃内研究了不同石墨烯含量对该纳米复合材料热电阻效应的影响,并进一步分析了其影响机理.结果表明,温度传感器在测试温度升高时表现出负温度系数(NTC)效应,并且电阻以近似线性的趋势减小.另外,温度传感器中石墨烯的含量越高,电阻减小的幅度越小.同一传感器试件经过3次循环热处理之后,其热电阻关系趋于稳定.     

石墨烯-磺胺嘧啶污染对小麦萌发的毒性效应

通过植物生态毒理实验,研究了纳米材料石墨烯与典型抗生素磺胺嘧啶(SD)单一及复合污染对小麦的根伸长和芽伸长的影响.结果表明,SD单一污染条件下,2mg·L-1SD促进小麦的根伸长和芽伸长,当质量浓度大于10mg·L-1时,则对小麦发芽产生明显的抑制,抑制作用随着SD浓度的增加而增强.石墨烯单一污染作用下,促进了小麦的根伸长和芽伸长.石墨烯-磺胺嘧啶复合污染作用下,SD在复合毒性中起主导作用,其复合污染效应同单一SD污染相似,在二者复合污染作用下,主要表现为协同作用,石墨烯增强了SD对小麦的毒性.     

Mechanism of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions in graphene nanosheets

Graphene nanosheets (GNSs) were synthesized by reducing exfoliated graphite oxides. Their structure, surface morphology and lithium storage mechanism were characterized and investigated systematically using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, charge-discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the GNSs, which were obtained via chemical synthesis, were primarily less than 10 graphene layers. The GNS electrodes, which were fabricated from the reduced GNSs, exhibited an enhanced reversible lithium storage capacity and good cyclic stability when serving as anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Also, the first-cycle irreversible capacities of the system were relatively high, because of the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase film on the surface of the GNS electrode and the spontaneous stacking of GNSs during the first lithiation. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results suggest that the solid electrolyte interphase film on the GNS electrode during first lithiation were primarily formed at potentials between 0.95 and 0.7 V. Also, the symmetry factor of the charge transfer was measured to be 0.446.     

微波水热法制备ZnO/氧化石墨烯及其光电化学性能研究

利用微波水热法在316L不锈钢片基底上制备一维ZnO纳米阵列/氧化石墨烯(ZnO/GO)复合材料,借助SEM、TEM、UV-Vis及可见光光照下的恒电位i-t曲线等手段,对加入氧化石墨烯浓度不同的ZnO/GO样品的形貌、结构及光电化学性能进行表征。结果表明,ZnO纳米棒均匀垂直于316L不锈钢基底生长,GO片层嵌入在ZnO纳米棒结构中间;GO的引入促进了ZnO中产生的光生电子-空穴对的分离,从而使ZnO/GO复合材料相较于ZnO具有更佳的光电化学性能。当加入GO溶液浓度为0.5mg/mL时,所制样品中ZnO纳米棒阵列发育完善、排列致密,样品的光电流密度达到18μA/cm~2,为纯一维ZnO纳米结构相应值的3.6倍。     

Influence of rolling temperature on the interfaces and mechanical performance of graphene-reinforced aluminum-matrix composites

To study the influence of rolling on the interfaces and mechanical performance of graphene-reinforced Al-matrix composites,a rolling method was used to process them.Using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectroscopy,and tensile testing,this study analyzed the micromorphology,interfaces,and mechanical performance of the composites before and after rolling.The experimental results demonstrates that the composites after hot rolling has uniform structures with strong interfacial bonding.With an increase in rolling temperature,the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composites gradually increase.However,when the rolling temperature is higher than 500°C,granular and rod-like Al4C3 phases are observed at the interfaces and the mechanical performance of the composites is degraded.When the rolling temperature is 480°C,the composites show the optimal comprehensive mechanical performance,with a tensile strength and elastic modulus of 403.3 MPa and 77.6 GPa,respectively,which represent increases of 31.6%and 36.9%,respectively,compared with the corresponding values prior to rolling.