Galectins in cell growth and apoptosis

Fourteen members of the galectin family, proteins with conserved carbohydrate-recognition domains that bind β-galactoside, have been cloned and more are expected to be discovered in the near future. Many aspects of galectin biology have been thoroughly explored, and functional studies have implicated these proteins in cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, in addition to cell adhesion, chemoattraction and cell migration. In some cases a galectin can either promote or suppress cell growth, depending on the cell types and doses used. Galectin-3 is the only member known so far to inhibit apoptosis, while galectin-1, -7 and -9 promote this cellular process. Galectins can act either extracellularly or intracellularly to exert effects on cell growth and apoptosis. RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author.     

Rapid dendritic growth of Al-Ge hypoeutectic alloy in a drop tube

Abstract Dendritic growth in Al-45% Ge hypoeutectic alloy has been investigated during free fall in a 3 m drop tube. Calculationsindicate that the undercooling obtained for the falling Al-45% Ge droplets ranges from 13 K to 201 K. The maximum undercooling attains0. 27 T_L. With the increase of undercooling, the primary (Al) phase undergoes a "columnar dendrite to equiaxed dendrite" structural tran-sition. According to the current rapid dendritic growth theory, the growth of primary (Al) phase is always controlled by solute diffusion.     

Resveratrol-type oligostilbenes from Iris clarkei antagonize 20-hydroxyecdysone action in the Drosophila melanogaster B(II) cell line

Bioassay-guided high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of a MeOH extract of Iris clarkei seeds yielded the resveratrol-type oligomeric stilbenes, ampelopsin B and α-viniferin, which antagonize the action of 20-hydroxyecdysone; with a 20-hydroxyecdysone concentration of 50 nM, the ED₅₀ values were 33 μM and 10 μM, respectively. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis, notably ultraviolet, liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry and modern one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Received 4 November 1999; accepted 13 December 1999     

MDR1, cholesterol certification and cell growth: a comparative study in normal and multidrug-resistant KB cell lines

The product of the MDR1 gene (P-gp) has been implicated in the transport of cholesterol from plasma membrane to endoplasmic reticulum for esterification. In previous studies on leukemia cell lines, we suggested that cholesterol esterification may regulate the rate of cell growth and that the MDR1 gene might be involved in this process by modulating intracellular cholesterol esters levels. To further investigate this matter, the rate of cell growth, cholesterol metabolism, expression of the MDR1 gene, and P-gp activity were compared in KB cell lines displaying differences in expression and function of P-gp (drug-sensitive phenotype versus MDR phenotype). The rate of cell growth correlated with cholesterol esterification in all KB cell lines, whereas the over-expression of MDR1 observed in the MDR cell lines was not always associated with an increased capacity of cells to esterify cholesterol. Two known inhibitors of P-gp activity, progesterone and verapamil, strongly inhibited both cholesterol esterification and cell proliferation in all KB cell lines, but they affected intracellular accumulation of labeled vinblastine only in MDR cell lines. These results further support a role for cholesterol esters in the regulation of cell growth and suggest that the P-gp expressed in MDR KB cells is not involved in the general process leading to cholesterol esterification. Received 14 February 2000; received after revision 10 April 2000; accepted 8 May 2000     

对发展经济学的再认识与再发展

结合发展经济学和我国的经济发展状况,指出发展经济必须具有创新精神,以信息、知识带动工业化的发展。     

水分胁迫条件下化控物质浸种对小麦根苗生长的影响

采用水培溶液添加PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫的方式，研究了化学调控物质浸种对不同程度水分胁迫下小麦根系及幼苗生长影响。结果表明，水分胁迫不同程度地降低了小麦幼苗的株高、叶面积、地上部及根的干重、根系活力、SOD、POD活性等，并明显增加了根系MDA含量水平。化学调控物质浸种处理可以增加各种条件下小麦的总根长、叶面积、根活力及SOD与POD活性，且表现出在干旱胁迫下增加幅度高于正常处理的现象。化学调控物质浸种有利于缓解干旱胁迫带来的不良影响。利用FA、GA、MET及稀土等化学调控物质浸种具有促进根系生长、培育小麦壮苗的突出作用。图3，表2，参14。     

中国科技与经济协调发展的约束条件分析

科技与经济协调发展是实现经济增长模式转换的必然要求。技术进步对经济增长的贡献率不高、经济发展的技术对外依存度大、资源生态问题严重是制约这一目标实现的几个突出问题。对这些约束条件进行分析,有助于增强战略设计的针对性。     

五指山猪生长激素基因全序列克隆及序列分析

通过筛选一对引物，PCR扩增五指山小型猪GH基因全序列，并进行克隆测序分析、序列分析及氨基酸分析．结果表明，有98个位点不同，同源性为95．026％，外显子有2个碱基发生了突变，其中外显子2有1个位点的碱基突变导致了氨基酸异义取代。     

微生态制剂对大口鲇和鲫鱼生长及血液指标的影响

利用不同剂量的微生态制剂（EM）添加在饲料中饲养肉食性鱼类大口鲇和杂食性鱼类鲫鱼40d，测定其与鱼体生长和健康相关的血液指标。结果显示：试验组红细胞数和血红蛋白含量等血液指标均优于对照组，且随EM添加剂量的增加而提高，表明EM能改善大口鲇和鲫鱼的血液指标，提高机体的新陈代谢，加快生长速度．     

江苏汉族人生长激素受体基因多态性研究

为了解生长激素受体(GHR)基因多态性在江苏汉族人群中的分布,通过多重PCR及PCR-RFLP的方法对269例江苏地区正常汉族人进行GHR基因3个位点的多态性分析,并与文献中报道的其它种族和地区的人群进行比较分析.结果显示江苏地区汉族正常人群中GHR基因型以fl/fl、I/L、P/P发生频率最高,这种分布在男女之间没有差异,与其它地区汉族人比较没有明显差异,与日本人差异也不明显,而与法国、俄罗斯人差异明显.研究表明,GHR基因3个位点多态性在不同种族之间分布存在着明显的差异,这种差异有可能是导致不同种族间人体测量学差异及对一些疾病的易感性及对药物的反应性不同的因素之一.