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91.
R. A. Wever 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1985,41(3):332-342
Summary In the realm of human circadian rhythms, the masking effect is defined as the change in the course of deep body temperature induced by changes in the degree of physical activity, or by the alteration between sleep and wake. This effect is particularly obvious during internal desynchronization where the rhythms of deep body temperature, and the sleep-wake sleep-wake sleep cycle — i.e. one of the masking factors — run with different periods.Every sleep onset is accompanied by a rapid drop, and wake onset by a rapid rise in deep body temperature, each one with an overshoot of about 50% of the steady state variations. When rhythms are calculated, with the dominant temperature period as the screening period, exclusively from data obtained during sleep episodes, on the one hand, and from those obtained exclusively during wake, on the other, two average cycles emerge: the sleep temperature curve and the wake temperature curve. Both run in parallel but are separated by the masking effcct. As derived from many experiments, the mean masking effect amounts to 0.28±0.06°C. The masking effect also depends to some extent on the phase of the temperature rhtthm; it is larger than average around the temperature maximum and during the descending phase of the temperature cycle, where the alertness commonly is highest and the probability to sleep, in general, and the REM sleep propensity, in particular, are smaller than average. This also can be interpreted to indicate that the sleep temperature curve is phase advanced relative to the wake temperature curve; this, on the average, by 0.9±0.3 h.If the individually determined amount of masking is added to the temperature data obtained during sleep, or substracted from the temperature data obtained during wake, a temperature curve emerges that can be though of as being purified of the masking effect. Analyses of this artificial curve allow estimation of that part of the internal interactions uninfluenced by the masking effect. On the average, about half of the amount of interaction between the rhythm of sleep-wake and that of deep body temperature is explained by the masking effect, whereas the other half is oscillatory interaction. Both types of interaction are inherent and inseparable parts of the circadian clock mechanism, as can be deduced from model considerations. 相似文献
92.
钢结构吊车梁在工业建筑中被广泛应用,应力集中的存在导致几何不连续位置在复杂应力下服役.借助有限元法分析吊车梁应力-应变状态,确定危险点位置,并提取应力、应变分量;以应变能密度作为损伤参量并以最大平面为临界面,基于能量准则建立临界面位置数值计算方法,结合有限元结果给出吊车梁临界面位置;考虑吊车梁在非对称载荷下服役,借助Goodman方程进行平均应力修正,并结合Q355D钢近似S-N曲线计算疲劳寿命.该方法考虑了应力集中处多轴应力对疲劳损伤的影响,可以为复杂应力下几何不连续钢构件的疲劳寿命评估提供新方法. 相似文献
93.
裂纹扩展的缺陷评定方法,越益受到了人们的重视,美国EPRI提出的“裂纹 推力图”方法,虽然准确合理,但方法偏于繁复,尚难于向工程界推广。清华大学力学 研究所曾先后提出几种评定方法,以期使评定过程得以简化。在此基础上,文章提出 “相容应力增量”法作为优化方法,它将使全部评定过程大为简化,从而为扩展裂纹的 缺陷评定方法向工程界推广创造便利条件。 相似文献
94.
The in vivo expression of the globin genes of theβ cistron in γ-,δ-, andδβ-thalassemia heterozygotes
A. J. Dimovski A. D. Adekile T. H. J. Huisman 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1994,50(2):167-170
There is considerable evidence suggesting that the switch from to and chain production after birth is due, in part, to silencing of the genes by stage-specific factors which bind to their promoters and to the competition from the adult ( and ) genes for a common enhancer element located in the locus control region. As a consequence one can expect that the increased Hb F production in adults with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin or -thalassemia is directed mainly by -globin genes in cis to the deletion(s) responsible for these conditions. Here we review data on heterozygotes with -, -, or -thalassemia, who also had anAT mutation, in cis or in trans, which was used as a marker of gene expression. The results show that a deletion affecting adult genes favors the expression of genes in cis, while the deletion of a single gene does not affect the expression of the gene in cis but leads to a faster switch postnatally. 相似文献
95.
Highly active metabolites have been detected in the hemolymph of the lepidopteranSpodoptera exigua infected with the mycopathogen,Beauveria bassiana. A combination of phenyl sepharose and CM ion exchange chromatography was utilized to extract the active metabolites from infected hemolymph samples. The active in vivo metabolites, having a molecular mass greater than 10 KDa, were thermolabile and were inactivated by proteinase K. These metabolites were characterized by their ability to disrupt metamorphosis, killing treated larvae at the wandering or pupal stage. Additionally, injection ofS. exigua larvae with active samples caused a reduction in the number of filopodial-producing hemocytes. The biological activities and biochemical properties suggest that novel compounds are produced duringB. bassiana mycosis. 相似文献
96.
车前的离体培养和植株再生 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
报道了国丧外植体的愈伤组织诱导及其植株再生的研究结果,单独的外源生长素2,4-D适宜诱导外植体脱分化产生愈伤组织。再生芽的分化只需添加6-BA;当NAA与6-BA配合添加于培养基中时,则有利于再生根的繁茂生长,从而形成完整的再生植株。 相似文献
97.
为分析排涝泵站前池水质与降雨特征的响应关系,对南京市城区秦淮河沿线2个排涝泵站前池水质以及降水量开展高频在线自动监测,结合回归树方法分析了不同降雨强度、前期干旱时间条件下排涝泵站前池水质变化规律,探讨了不同类型排涝泵站前池水质的主要影响因素。结果表明:晴雨天均有生活污水汇入的A泵站前池氨氮质量浓度在大雨强下降低,中雨强下先升高后降低,小雨强下平缓上升,A泵站前池污染物质量浓度主要受降雨强度和次降水量影响;主要接收降雨径流,雨量大时有生活污水溢流汇入的B泵站,前池污染物质量浓度在大雨强下先升高后逐渐降低,中雨强下降低,小雨强下变化不大,B泵站前池水质主要受次降水量、前期干旱时间和降雨强度影响;2个泵站前池CODMn质量浓度变化与降雨的响应规律相似,但更多受到与前期干旱时间关联的地表径流冲刷作用影响;连续降雨均导致泵站前池氨氮质量浓度和CODMn质量浓度波动变化较大,而前期干旱时间越长,降雨发生后泵站前池水质越差。 相似文献
98.
99.
一般生长曲线模型中共同均值参数的线性估计的泛容许性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对于一般生长曲线模型中共同均值的线性估计的可容许性。 相似文献
100.
郑容官 《重庆邮电学院学报(自然科学版)》1998,10(1):67-72
作者在该文中,从万有引力定律出发,根据有心力的特点,再采用切坐标法很方便地推导出在地球万有引力作用下,人天体运动的轨道必是圆锥曲线,并指出由发射时初始条件能方便地进一步确定其轨迹的形状。 相似文献