粳型杂交稻寒优湘晴与武育粳3号苗期光合特性的比较

研究了粳型杂交稻与粳型品种的光合特性。结果表明：杂交稻的根系活跃吸收面积、叶片单位鲜重的光合以素含量明显优于粳型品种，它的PSⅠ还原能力、PSⅡ氧化能力和叶片的光合速率，以及对光能的吸收能力均高于非杂交稻，杂交稻类囊体膜中与光合放氧有关的相对分子量为16000－18000、22000－25000，多肽组分在量上也优于粳型品种，根据所得的实验结果，认为杂交稻在光合特性上表现出杂交优势。     

Identification of an S5n allele in Oryza rufipogon Griff. and its effect on embryo sac fertility

Oryza rufipogon exhibits abundant genetic diversity and contains many elite genes. In this work, a total of 441 accessions of O. rufipogon were genetically examined using the functional marker S5n, revealing that 18 accessions carried the S5n allele with a heterozygous genotype (S5nS5i/j). Of these accessions, 14 were from Guangdong Province, 2 from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1 from Hainan Province and 1 from Jiangxi Province. Further sequence analysis spanning both sides of the deletion in S5n allel...     

傣族“竜林”文化的生态意蕴

竜林文化是傣族一种特有的文化。透过这一文化,傣族人展示了他们对森林的生态取向,即以崇拜的方式敬仰森林,以禁忌的方式阻止人们对森林的破坏。借助这些措施,傣族竜林成为了保存完好的自然保护区,弥补了当地其他自然保护区缺乏干性季节性雨林植物的不足。竜林提供的水源、有机肥料和病虫害天敌为傣族人顺利进行稻作生产给予了天然保障,促使他们能够依托稻作农业得以延续和发展。     

Ancient DNA sequences of rice from the low Yangtze reveal significant genotypic divergence

Rice (Oryza sativa) was first domesticated in the lower and middle Yangtze regions of China, and rice remains have been found in many Chinese archaeological sites. Until now, only phenotypic archeobotanical evidence, such as the spikelet bases of ancient grains, has been used to speculate on the domestication process and domestication rate of rice. In this study, we sequenced 4 genomic segments from rice remains in Tianluoshan, a site of the local Hemudu Neolithic culture in the low Yangtze and two other archaeological sites (~2400 and 1200 BC, respectively). We compared our sequences with those of the current domesticated and wild rice (O. rufipogon) populations. At least two genotypes were found in the remains from each site, suggesting a heterozygotic state of the rice seeds. One ancient genotype was not found in the current domesticated population and might have been lost. The rice remains belonged to the japonica group, and most if not all were japonica-type, suggesting that the remains might be at an early stage of indica-japonica divergence or an indica-japonica mixture. We also identified sequences with significant similarity to those from species of Sapindales, Zygophyllales, and Brassicales, which is consistent with the identification of other plant remains in the Tianluoshan site and the common rice field weeds such as mustards in southern China.     

中国山水画装饰性之形式的自觉

装饰性的独特视角为解读中国山水画及其历史提供了一种可能,山水画的装饰性是一种客观存在,承载着独特的文化与审美内涵。装饰性的核心概念包括形式的自觉、秩序的组合、符号的抽象、质感的淡化、程式的强化等。针对山水画装饰性的核心概念——形式的自觉——进行详尽探讨与辨析。研究山水画的装饰性,不仅对中国山水画的当代发展,对现今设计的民族特色的建设也有着重要意义。     

PP333对水稻幼苗几种大量元素吸收及其外流的示踪研究

水培“特青”水稻幼苗经0.2及0.4ppm PP333处理5天,植株生长没发生明显变化,但植株矿质元素含量及根系离子外流都发生变化.在根系,~(32)P及~(36)Rb(K)含量显著增多,~(45)Ca含量减少;在地上部,~(32)P及~(45)Ca含量增多,~(36)Rb(K)含量无明显变化.根系~(36)Rb(K)及~(45)Ca的外流显著地受到PP333的抑制.结果表明,PP333主要是提高了水稻幼苗各部位矿质元素含量,并抑制根系离子的外流.     

几个水稻品种群体茎数灰色预测模型

根据水稻群体茎数变化规律,本文提出了茎数变化的数学模型,并且将参数灰化,建立了灰色模型,提高了预测精度。本文还建立了4类品种的参数与气象条件、管理条件的相互关系子模型。     

稻谷壳流化床的燃烧特性

介绍了稻谷壳的物理化学特性及热重试验结果，与煤燃烧特性进行对比，阐述了稻谷壳燃烧过程中，挥发分与焦炭分阶段燃烧的概念；并通过燃烧试验提出了独特的以纯稻谷壳流态化燃烧方式为主的组合燃烧方式，为纯稻谷壳流态化燃烧锅炉设计和运行提供了理论依据。     

四个杂交粳稻的蛋白质、赖氨酸、直链淀粉含量和MDH活性测定

本文分析比较了正在大面积推广种植的杂交粳稻寒优１０２７以及３个新选育的杂交粳稻８优１６１、寒优１９５和寒优３５６的蛋白质含量、赖氨酸含量、赖氨酸相对合量、直挂淀粉含量和苹果田脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）活性．结果显示了３个新选育的杂交粳稻分别在不同的方面胜过对照寒优１０２７．寒优１９５的直链淀粉合量（１２．１％）明显低于对照寒优１０２７（１７．０％），赖氨酸的相对合量（３．６８％）高于对照寒优１０２７（３．１８％），统计分析两方面的差异都达极著水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）；８优１６１的蛋白质含量（９．６９％）比对照寒优１０２７（８．７８％）高１１．１％，统计分析差异达极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；寒优３５６４白质含量（９．１５％）比对照寒优１０２７高．出５．５％，两者差异也达极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），而且寒优３５６在苗期的ＭＤＨ活性高于对照寒优１０２７，统计分析两者差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），这表明寒优３５６在生长后期的每生日穗总粒数，每穗实粒数和每实粒重可能会超过对照寒优１０２７．建议有关部门在今后的水稻生产中，可根据各自不同的需要，推广利用不同的杂交粳稻．     

活性铁保鲜剂对米花糖保鲜效果的研究

以荷花牌米花糖为材料，采用自制活性铁保鲜剂处理，用铝箔复合袋包装，室温下储藏，在四个月储藏期内测定了米花糖的感观指标和理化卫生指标。结果表明：在夏季高温（最高气温４２℃，储藏室温度３８℃）条件下储藏四个月后，活性铁处理组米花糖的感官指标保持基本不变，酸值（ＡＶ）、过氧化值（ＰＯＶ）、羰基值（ＣＶ）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）等理化卫生指标显著低于对照组。活性铁处理组的保鲜效果明显优于对照组。