北京学的缘起

北京学属“因地中学”，分析了建立北京学这一新学科的起因并提出了建立一种“因地名学”式学科的三个前提，即１）有特定的不同于其它学科的研究对象，而且这一特定的对象必有其与众不同的特殊性。２）研究成果能直接或间接为社会服务。３）必须 了相当数量的相关成果。     

论左权民歌的渊源与独有特色

笔者作为一名土生土长的左权人,一名左权民歌的爱好者,对左权民歌有一种深深的宠爱,在此将自己多年来积累所得拿来与大家共享,以期更多人爱左权民歌,唱左权民歌。     

小议“逆成构词法”

在各种构词法中，逆成构词法是在第二次世界大战后发展最迅速并引起人们广泛关注的一种构词法。文章系统阐述了逆成构词法形成的原因、构词规律，举例说明此构词法在现实中的运用发展，重点探讨此构词法在今天的强大生命力及在未来的发展方向，并揭示出此类构词法适用的语境范围。以期对该构词法的规范使用及英语词汇的发展提供借鉴意见。     

巴蜀秧歌习俗源流初探

巴蜀秧歌源远流长 ,是巴蜀劳动人民创造的一种自娱自乐的生产劳动歌谣。作为民间歌谣 ,巴蜀秧歌以浓郁的地域特色和鲜明的艺术个性而具有不可低估的审美价值。作为民俗事象 ,巴蜀秧歌所运载的深厚历史积淀和丰赡文化意蕴 ,更是探索研究华夏地域民俗文化的历史沿革和发展走向的宝贵资料     

Y-chromosome evidence for no independent origin of modern human in China

East Asia is one of the few regions in the world where a large number of human fossils have been unearthed. The continuity of hominid fossils in East Asia, particularly in China has been presented as strong evidence supporting an independent origin of modern humans in this area. To search for such evidence of a possible independent origin of modern humans in China, a total of 9988 male individuals were sampled across China. Three Y-chromosome biallelic markers (M89, M130 and YAP), which were located at the non-recombinant region of Y-chromosome, were typed among the samples. Our result showed that all the individuals carry a mutation at one of the three loci. The three mutations (M89T, M130T, YAP⁺) coalesce to another mutation (M168T), which was originally derived from Africa about 31000 to 79000 years ago. In other words, all Y-chromosome samples from China, with no exception, were originally derived from a lineage of African origin. Hence, we conclude that even a very minor contribution ofin situ hominid origin in China cannot be supported by the Y-chromosome evidence.     

侏罗纪的花化石与被子植物起源

理解被子植物的历史对于人们了解现代被子植物之间的关系十分重要。以前欧美古植物学家认为,被子植物的历史不 会早于白垩纪,使得被子植物看起来似乎是在白垩纪早期突然爆发的。但是分子钟和系统分析显示,被子植物应当早在三 叠纪,至少在侏罗纪就已经出现了,但是问题的关键是相应化石证据的缺失。因此侏罗纪的花化石成为解决两个学派之间 争斗的关键证据。本文简要地介绍了产出于中国辽西同一地层的、侏罗纪的三个被子植物属种及其特征,确认了被子植物 在侏罗纪的存在,提出了新的被子植物雌蕊同源性理论,并为下一步植物系统学的发展打下了坚实的基础。     

利用古代DNA信息研究黄河流域家猪的起源驯化

猪的起源驯化一直是人们关注的科学问题.古DNA技术可为家猪起源驯化研究提供更为直接的科学证据.已有研究表明,中国家猪在黄河中下游流域曾发生过独立的驯化过程,但黄河上游的古代猪样品研究尚属空白.本研究选取黄河流域的3个遗址出土的14个古代猪样本为实验材料,通过DNA提取、PCR扩增和DNA测序,结合现代不同品种家猪、野猪及黄河中下游猪古DNA序列信息,系统分析了我国家猪的起源驯化关系.实验共获得5个古代猪样本mtDNAD-loop 179bp的DNA序列,包括2个湖北青龙泉遗址样本和3个青海喇家遗址样本.序列比对分析发现,湖北青龙泉遗址与青海喇家遗址的样本分别共享1种单倍型.结合现代不同品种猪、野猪及黄河中下游猪古DNA序列信息,发现湖北青龙泉遗址样本与山西贾湖遗址的部分古代样本具有相同的单倍型,青海喇家遗址的样本与山西高红遗址和陶寺遗址的另外部分样本具有相同的单倍型,并且这2个单倍型对应于中国现代猪种的2个主单倍型,说明黄河上游与中下游的猪具有相同的驯化中心.本研究填补了黄河流域上游古代猪DNA研究的空白,为中国家猪的起源驯化研究提供了新的科学佐证.     

体温过高对豚鼠耳蜗电图的影响

目的：探讨体温过高对耳蜗电图（ECochG）的影响及其波的起源。方法：体表物理升温法逐步升高豚鼠体温（36—42℃）,观察系列体温过高时豚鼠BAEP和ECochG波峰潜伏期（PL）和波峰问潜伏期（IPL）及波幅的动态变化。结果：随体温逐步升高（36—42℃）,BAEP的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ波PL和Ⅰ-Ⅳ波IPL与ECochG的N1、N2、N3波PL和Nl—N3波IPL随体温升高而逐渐缩短,体温越高,缩短越显著;代表脑干中枢传递时问的BAEP的Ⅰ-Ⅳ波IPL的缩短总值明显大干代表外周传导时间的Ⅰ波PL的缩短总值,且源自脑干中枢的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ波的PL的缩短总值明显大于源自听神经的Ⅰ波PL的缩短总值,ECochG的N1-N3波IPL的缩短总值也明显大干代表外周传导时问的N1波PL的缩短总值,N2、N3波的PL缩短总值也明显大于源自听神经的N1波PL的缩短总值;BAEP的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ波和ECochG的N1、N2、N3波波幅在体温40℃或高过40℃以后出现显著降低。结论：体温过高对ECochG的显著影响与BAEP相似,ECochG的N2、N3波较源自听神经的N1波有更高位的神经起源。     

A new feathered maniraptoran dinosaur fossil that fills a morphological gap in avian origin

Recent fossil discoveries have substantially reduced the morphological gap between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, yet avians including Archaeopteryx differ from non-avian theropods in their limb proportions. In particular, avians have proportionally longer and more robust forelimbs that are capable of supporting a large aerodynamic surface. Here we report on a new maniraptoran dinosaur, Anchiornis huxleyi gen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen collected from lacustrine deposits of uncertain age in western Liaoning, China. With an estimated mass of 110 grams, Anchiornis is the smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur. It exhibits some wrist features indicative of high mobility, presaging the wing-folding mechanisms seen in more derived birds and suggesting rapid evolution of the carpus. Otherwise, Anchiornis is intermediate in general morphology between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, particularly with regard to relative forelimb length and thickness, and represents a transitional step toward the avian condition. In contrast with some recent comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, our phylogenetic analysis incorporates subtle morphological variations and recovers a conventional result supporting the monophyly of Avialae. Supported by Hundred Talents Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40125006, 40472018), and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB806400)