一种快速检测冰冻红细胞甘油残留量的方法

评价使用甘油三酯试剂盒测定洗涤后冰冻红细胞上清液中甘油残留量的快速性、准确性及灵敏度。笔者针对甘油三酯试剂盒进行了线形观察、回收实验、干扰实验及测定随机抽取8袋复温洗涤后冰冻红细胞上清。实验结果表明，甘油三酯试剂盒具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点，减少了人为误差，测定全过程仅需要15min，适用于血库或血站常规开展冰冻红细胞上清甘油含量测定，确保冰冻红细胞的质量，而且试剂盒在（2—8）℃避光保存，有效期为18个月。     

炔螨特在桑树及土壤中的残留特性

为科学指导安全用药,确定炔螨特在桑树上的安全用药准则,研究了农药炔螨特在桑树不同部位的降解动态和最终残留特性。采用液质联用检测技术,研究炔螨特施用后不同时间的残留量,以及不同施药方式处理下炔螨特的最终残留特性。结果表明,炔螨特在桑树不同部位的残留规律均符合一级反应动力学方程C=C0e-kt。由该方程求出炔螨特在桑叶、土壤和桑葚中的半衰期分别为6.78～10.42、9.21～12.46和7.91～10.85 d。最终残留结果显示,桑叶、桑葚和土壤施药后10 d残留量分别下降到施药后3 d的16.7%～30.40%、29.0%～31.1%和37.1%～34.7%。距最后一次施药10 d后,桑叶和桑葚部位炔螨特最终残留量检测结果低于10.0mg/kg。因此,建议炔螨特在桑树上最大残留限量(maximum residue limit,MRL)值暂定为10.0mg/kg,最多使用2次,安全间隔期为10 d。     

Comparison of different triolein-based composite semipermeable membranes for passive sampling of organochlorine pesticides

Passive sampling methods have been widely used for more than 20 years because they can provide information on time-weighted average concentrations(CTWA) of hydrophobic organic contaminants in water.Many factors affect the efficiency and applicability of a passive sampling process.Among others,selection of the sampler design and choice of the supporting membrane material are important factors that determine the performance of passive samplers.In this work,the influences of some critical properties of membranes,such as membrane density,hydrophilicity of the membrane surface,and chemical and mechanical resistances,on the uptake of organic chlorinated pesticides(OCPs) were evaluated.Four membrane materials,namely cellulose acetate(CA),cellulose acetate butyrate(CAB),a cellulose acetate-cellulose triacetate blend(CA-CTA),and cellulose triacetate(CTA),and their triolein-embedded samplers were selected for the study.The four membranes are all hydrophilic;CAB has the highest contact angle and CA has the lowest.CTA is chemically and mechanically resistant,and has better tensile strength than the other membranes have.CAB does not have good chemical resistance and dissolves in hexane/dichloromethane solvent.CA and CTA alone showed lower uptake rates for the selected OCPs than with triolein-embedded passive samplers,indicating that triolein increased the accumulation capacity.Triolein-embedded CA(TECAM),CA-CTA(TECA-CTA),CTA(TECTA),and CAB(TECAB) as passive samplers showed similar uptake patterns;TECTA showed the highest uptake rates and TECAB showed the poorest accumulation.In summary,TECTA gave the best performance among all the tested composite semipermeable membranes.     

硫脲法从锌的酸浸渣中回收银

研究了从湿法炼锌酸浸渣中用硫脲浸出银的工艺及机理．对浸出过程中的各种影响因素如矿浆浓度、浸出剂浓度、反应温度、反应时间、ｐＨ值等分别进行了试验研究和分析讨论,给出了最佳工艺条件,在此条件下,银浸出率达８９％．     

QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS测定果蔬中4种残留抗凝血杀鼠剂

采用QuEChERS前处理方法,结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术建立了测定蔬菜、水果中灭鼠灵、杀鼠迷、溴鼠灵、氟鼠酮等4种抗凝血杀鼠剂残留量的方法.于Waters DisQue提取管中,粉碎匀浆的样品由含体积分数1%乙酸的乙腈提取并净化后,UPLC BEH C18液相色谱柱分离,流动相用甲醇和含5 mmol/L乙酸铵和体积分数0.1%甲酸的水溶液梯度洗脱,ESI-[M-H]-电离,多反应监测模式,外标法定量.对比在DisQue净化管中分别补加PSA(N-丙基二乙胺键合硅胶)和GCB(石墨化碳黑)填料净化对回收率的影响,结果显示5 mg的GCB可以取得满意的效果.方法中灭鼠灵和杀鼠迷在0.5~100μg/L线性相关,方法检出限为0.25μg/kg,溴鼠灵和氟鼠酮在2~250μg/L线性相关,LOD为1.0μg/kg.在低、中、高三个添加水平的加标回收率为86%~128%,相对标准偏差2.4%~16%.     

我国茶叶在种植环节的质量安全问题及对策

概述了茶叶种植环节存在的茶叶质量安全类型及成因,探讨了应对技术措施和策略.茶叶农药残留、重金属和氟含量超标是目前茶叶质量安全的主要问题,产地环境不合格、农药肥料使用不当和茶叶采摘不合理是产生这些问题的重要原因.应对措施包括加强产地环境监控,改善茶园生态环境;加强生态防控技术,减少化学农药使用;加强替代农药和农药高效使用技术研究;加强肥料监管,努力提高肥料利用率;强化档案记录,建立产品质量追溯体系;完善茶叶生产技术规程和产品质量标准,加强宣贯力度.     

Starch grain evidence reveals early pottery function cooking plant foods in North China

Early pottery sherds excavated in northern China date back to more than 11,000 cal a BP, and are presumed to have been used as cooking vessels. There has been, however, no direct evidence to demonstrate this function. Here we report ancient starch grains recovered from carbonized residues adhering to the bases of flat- bottomed vessels excavated from the Zhuannian site dating more than 10,000 cal a BP in the North China Plain. This evidence demonstrates that early pottery was being used to cook cereal grains, particularly millets, and acorns. Because millets were in the process of domestication at thistime, we propose that pottery invention in northern China may have been related to early farming activities.     

气相色谱法测定蔬菜中多种有机磷农药残留量方法的研究

利用气相色谱仪对蔬菜中6种有机磷农药残留的测定方法进行了研究。结果表明:6种有机磷农药(对硫磷、倍硫磷、甲拌磷、乙酰甲胺磷、氧化乐果、亚胺硫磷)线性良好,平均回收率为81.1%~129%,相对标准偏差为3.38%~11.52%。各项指标满足蔬菜中6种有机磷农药残留检测要求。     

茶鲜叶中有机磷农药残留分析

为监测茶鲜叶中有机磷农药残留污染状况,应用超声波提取、分散固相萃取净化、气相色谱检测,建立了一种简单、快速测定茶鲜叶中7种有机磷农药(敌敌畏、乐果、毒死蜱、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、杀螟硫磷和三唑磷)残留的分析方法。样品采用φ(乙酸)=1%的乙腈溶液超声提取,乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷、十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶和石墨化炭黑混合吸附剂分散萃取净化,DB-1701毛细管柱程序升温分离,火焰光度检测器测定,基质外标法定量。结果表明,在0.01～4.00mg·L-1范围内,7种有机磷农药的峰面积与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998,方法的检出限为0.0034～0.0136mg·kg-1,定量限为0.012～0.046mg·kg-1,加标回收率为77.7%～98.2%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为2.4%～8.7%。该方法操作简单、结果可靠、溶剂用量少,对检测条件要求低,适用于茶鲜叶中7种有机磷农药残留的检测。     

我国持久性有机污染物的污染与控制

概述了《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》控制名单中规定的12种持久性有机污染物。介绍了国内持久性有机污染物的来源和污染现状,综述了对持久性有机污染物的监测、控制技术,并就当前存在的问题提出了对策与建议。