茶叶中多种农药残留的气相色谱法测定

采用氟罗里硅土／活性炭混合柱柱层析净化方法，以HP－5毛细管柱、电子捕获检测器（ECD）的气相色谱（GC）方法测定了茶叶中六六六、三氯杀螨醇、滴滴涕、联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯等多种农药残留。所建立方法的分析结果与外检结果基本一致。方法具有溶剂使用量少、净化效果好、操作简便、快速等特点，可满足茶叶中多种农药残留检测的需要。     

Bioaccumulation processes in ecosystems

The fate of environmental pollutants — the various isotopes of elements, and inorganic or organic compounds — is a fundamental aspect of ecology and ecotoxicology, and bioaccumulation is a phenomenon often discussed in this context. Human activities have drastically altered natural concentrations of many substances in the environment and added numerous new chemicals. An understanding of the processes of bioaccumulation is important for several reasons. 1) Bioaccumulation in organisms may enhance the persistence of industrial chemicals in the ecosystem as a whole, since they can be fixed in the tissues of organisms. 2) Stored chemicals are not exposed to direct physical, chemical, or biochemical degradation. 3) Stored chemicals can directly affect an individual's health. 4) Predators of those organisms that have bioaccumulated harmful substances may be endangered by food chain effects. While former theories on the processes of bioaccumulation focused on single aspects that affect the extent of accumulation (such as the trophic level within the food chain or the lipophilicity of the chemical), modern theories are based on compartmental kinetics and the integration of various environmental interactions. Concepts include results from quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacokinetics, ecophysiology and general biology, molecular genetic aspects and selection, and finally the structure of communities and man-made alterations in them.     

蔬菜产品农药残毒现状分析及对策

通过对累积数据进行综合分析和实地调查,找到了部分蔬菜农药残毒超标的症结所在,并提出相应的对策。     

蔬菜中多种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留的同时分析方法

运用组合固相萃取（Solid phase extraction，SPE）柱净化、GC-ECD检测建立了6种有机氯和6种拟除虫菊酯农药残留的气相色谱同时分析方法．用乙酸乙酯作溶剂、高速均质和超声波方法辅助萃取样品中的农药残留，萃取液浓缩并转溶于丙酮-正己烷混合溶液（2：8，v／v）中，经过组合SPE柱（由上到下为CARB、SCX、bE）净化，乙酸乙酯定容．选用青花菜进行加标回收率实验，回收率为60％-120％，方法检测限为0．01μg/Kg-0．1μg／Kg．     

城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的工程性质表征

分析测定了城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰与收集、运输和处置相关的工程性质.测定结果表明,飞灰具有含水率低(0.08%～1.15%)、堆积密度小(0.646×103～0.776×103 kg·m-3)、渗透能力强(8.71×10-5～1.16×10-4 cm·s-1)、易吸水等特点;飞灰粒径均值为79μm,d50为56μm,其中38.5～74 μm粒径段飞灰约占总量的50%;在含水率＜25%时,飞灰含水率越高,流动性越差,含水率＞25%时,含水率越低,流动性越差;含水率为20%时,飞灰的压缩系数达到最小值,承载力最大,与击实曲线中含水率20%时干密度最大的结果一致;飞灰加水后孔隙率减小,但中孔比例增加,与水接触过程中,放热效应较强烈,24 h累积放热量可达到51 J·g-1;从填埋作业角度分析,飞灰含水率宜控制在20%,同时,要注意飞灰与水接触时的热效应.     

闽江某河段河蚬组织中多环芳烃和有机氯农药的蓄积特征

用GC／MS和GC-μECD测定了闽江某河段河蚬体内多环芳烃（PAHs）和有机氯农药（OCPs）的含量，并分析了河蚬各器官组织中的蓄积特征．结果表明：河蚬体内鳃、肌肉以及内脏团中检测到的PAHs的总量分别为1322．03，397．24，951．04ng／g干重，河蚬易累积低分子量的PAHs，主要是3环PAHS，鳃、肌肉和内脏团中检测到的3环芳烃的比率分别为62．23％，47．04％和36．96％；河蚬对OCPs的蓄积种类主要是DDT类和HCH类农药，OCPs在河蚬鳃、肌肉以及内脏团中的总含量相差不大，分别为19．73，25．46，23．06ng／g干重，河蚬肌肉和内脏团中OCPs的含量与整体中OCPs的含量相关性较好（R^2=0．98和R^2=0．98），肌肉中含量与整体有机氯的含量相关系数为R^2=0．19．     

微型流动注射化学发光仪测定蔬菜中残留的有机磷农药

目的利用便携式流动注射化学发光仪和紫外降解装置,检测蔬菜中残留的有机磷农药。方法过硫酸钾在紫外光的催化下能将有机磷降解为无机磷,无机磷在酸性条件下可以和钒酸盐、钼酸盐反应生成具有氧化性的磷钼钒杂多酸,可直接氧化鲁米诺产生强而稳定的化学发光信号;根据发光强度与磷的浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系,从而实现有机磷农药的定量测定。结果测定磷的检出限为1.0×10-10g/mL,线性范围为1.0×10-9~3.0×10-6g/mL,对浓度为2.0×10-7g/mL的磷平行测定11次,相对标准偏差为2.1%;当青菜中有机磷农药的添加浓度为1.00 mg/kg和2.00 mg/kg时,方法回收率在89.5%~113.5%之间。结论此方法简便快捷、准确可靠,实现了检测仪器的自动化和微型化,为市售蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的现场检测奠定了基础。     

(农药-纤维素)酯类缓释剂的合成及水解性能的研究

以纤维素和羧甲基纤维素作为载体,将带有羧基的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸和带有羟基的五氯酚等农药分别与它们相结合。制备了分子链上键合有农药的高聚物。进而通过水解试验其释放农药的性能。结果表明:农药在纤维素链上的替代度可以通过控制反应条件加以调节,所制备的键合有农药的高聚物可以自行水解而缓慢地释放出农药,并随水解时间的延长,释放速度逐渐减慢。     

利用留数定理计算一类实级数

运用留数定理解决形如＋∞∑k-∞,k≠0 f（k）/k′类型的级数的求和问题,其中f（z）为在z平面上只有有限个极点的亚纯函数,且这些极点不为整数,得到＋∞∑k-∞,k≠0 f（k）/k′与留数间的一个关系式定理.     

Insights into acylphosphatase structure and catalytic mechanism

Acylphosphatase is one of the smallest enzymes known (about 98 amino acid residues). It is present in organs and tissues of vertebrate species as two isoenzymes sharing over 55% of sequence homology; these appear highly conserved in differing species. The two isoenzymes can be involved in a number of physiological processes, though their effective biological function is not still certain. The solution and crystal structures of different isoenzymes are known, revealing a close packed protein with a fold similar to that shown by other phosphate-bind ing proteins. The structural data, together with an extended site-directed mutagenesis investigation, led to the identification of the residues involved in enzyme catalysis. However, it appears unlikely that these residues are able to perform the full catalytic cycle: a substrate-assisted catalytic mechanism has therefore been proposed, in which the phosphate moiety of the substrate could act as a nucleophile activating the catalytic water molecule. Received 12 November 1996; accepted 27 November 1996