THE INDUSTRIAL UTILIZATION OF CHEMICAL MODIFIED AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES

INTRODUCTIONToday, the world's industry is utilizing less than 10% of biomass of raw materials from plantation [1]. Agricultural residues, such as cereal straws are important and abundant renewable organic resources of energy and production of a diversity of chemicals, including ethanol production [2], activated carbon [3] and ion exchangers [4]. Many other applications for Cereal straws are in the process of being developed.In china, wheat, maize and sorghum are the three major crops, w…     

白腐菌降解氯代农药的机理

确定了白腐菌在水中的静置培养条件,探讨了在该条件下白腐菌对水中微量氯代农药的生物降解情况及其降解机理．实验结果表明,白腐菌在含有ρ为０．０２％的葡萄糖、０．０３％的酒石酸铵和适量无机盐的培养液中,于３５℃,经５～７ｄ的静置培养可获得良好的菌丝,并对氯代农药有最大的降解效率（９０％以上）．对降解的部分中间产物的ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析表明,不同类氯代农药有不同的降解过程和机理     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法分析水中5种有机磷农药

用溶胶-凝胶方法制备的聚甲基苯基乙烯基硅氧烷／羟基硅油（PMPVS／OH-TSO）复合涂层的固相微萃取探头联用气相色谱测定水中了有机磷农药（OPPs）．对固相微萃取的最佳条件进行了优化,该探头较商用探头有更高的萃取能力．方法的检测限低（0．14～1．89μg／L）,重现性好（1．5％～7．9％）,线性范围宽（至少两个数量级）．用该探头测定了东湖水的有机磷农药,但上述5种OPPs均没有检测到,其回收率均大于82．7％．     

改性秸秆膨胀床与固定床吸附去除SO_4~(2-)

含硫酸根离子(SO42-)废水可对环境造成危害,在排放之前需降低SO42-浓度.本文利用改性秸秆阴离子吸附剂制备吸附柱,分别在膨胀床和固定床操作下进行动态吸附实验,研究改性秸秆阴离子吸附柱去除SO42-的性能.结果表明,在改性秸秆膨胀床操作中,膨胀率随流速提高而线性增大;随膨胀率的增加,膨胀床去除SO42-的穿透时间缩短,柱吸附量降低,膨胀率不宜大于25%;在改性秸秆固定床操作中,随高径比的增加,吸附柱去除SO42-的穿透时间延长;而随进水SO42-浓度和流量的增加,床层工作时间显著缩短;在实验流量下,膨胀床的处理效果略优于固定床.SO42-解吸实验表明,0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液解吸效果最佳,是合适的吸附柱再生液.     

固相萃取技术在环境中农药残留分析的研究进展

农药在环境中的广泛应用以及农药残留分析的困难,使得环境中农药的残留分析成为国际上环境科学研究的前沿和热点.固相萃取法（SPE）因高效、可靠、易实现自动化等优点,适用于农药残留物分析.本文对固相萃取的基本原理、影响因素和应用进展等方面进行了详细的阐述,就农药的检测方法（如LC、GC）做了总结概括.最后提出固相萃取在环境领域中农药残留分析的发展趋势是使用SPE-HPLC对极性差异很大,酸碱性范围很广的各种农药的多残留分析。     

确定畜禽动物最佳售卖期的数学方法及其应用研究

本文从畜禽动物的生产能力和饲料消耗两个基本要素出发,通过建立投入产出经济效益函数关系式Z(T)=W(T)-G(T)-R,利用极值理论对最佳停止饲养时间的确定进行了研究。文中以肉用商品鸡为例,讨论了数学模型的建立,研究过程中的方法与步骤,对所取得的结果进行了动态技术经济分析。本研究中所采用的数学方法具有普遍的意义。即不仅适用于不同类别、不同品种畜禽动物最佳售卖期的确定,对于凡具有生物学生长特性的类础研究,都可利用相同方法求出以经济效益最大为目标的最优解。这种方法的应用推广,对于指导养殖业的经营决策,促进畜牧业的发展必将起到积极的作用。     

关于Bernoulli数的同余性质

将文献[3]、[4]、[5]中的同余式由一个素数幂模推广为两个素数幂乘积模,给出Bernoulli数的两个同余性质。     

Bioaccumulation processes in ecosystems

The fate of environmental pollutants — the various isotopes of elements, and inorganic or organic compounds — is a fundamental aspect of ecology and ecotoxicology, and bioaccumulation is a phenomenon often discussed in this context. Human activities have drastically altered natural concentrations of many substances in the environment and added numerous new chemicals. An understanding of the processes of bioaccumulation is important for several reasons. 1) Bioaccumulation in organisms may enhance the persistence of industrial chemicals in the ecosystem as a whole, since they can be fixed in the tissues of organisms. 2) Stored chemicals are not exposed to direct physical, chemical, or biochemical degradation. 3) Stored chemicals can directly affect an individual's health. 4) Predators of those organisms that have bioaccumulated harmful substances may be endangered by food chain effects. While former theories on the processes of bioaccumulation focused on single aspects that affect the extent of accumulation (such as the trophic level within the food chain or the lipophilicity of the chemical), modern theories are based on compartmental kinetics and the integration of various environmental interactions. Concepts include results from quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacokinetics, ecophysiology and general biology, molecular genetic aspects and selection, and finally the structure of communities and man-made alterations in them.     

蔬菜产品农药残毒现状分析及对策

通过对累积数据进行综合分析和实地调查,找到了部分蔬菜农药残毒超标的症结所在,并提出相应的对策。