苏锡常都市圈蓝绿空间规模与格局演变特征

【目的】苏锡常都市圈是江苏省三大都市圈之一,也是长江三角洲的主要核心区域。20世纪80年代以来,苏锡常都市圈城市化进程加快,区域性生态问题亟须重视。蓝绿空间是构建区域生态系统的基础,定量揭示其演变特征有助于为苏锡常都市圈国土空间规划与生态环境保护提供依据。【方法】选取2003年、2008年、2013年、2018年共4期遥感影像并处理分析,利用动态变化模型与景观格局指数对苏锡常都市圈及各成员城市15年间蓝绿空间规模与景观格局的演变进行分析。【结果】①2003—2018年间,苏锡常都市圈蓝绿空间总体动态变化幅度为-3.52%,绿色空间变化剧烈,蓝色空间相对稳定;蓝色空间与绿色空间动态变化均呈现出由“减少期”转变为“增长期”的阶段性特征。②在斑块类型水平上,苏锡常都市圈蓝色空间破碎度减少,复杂度与连通性增加;绿色空间破碎度及复杂度增加,连通度减少。蓝绿空间在景观水平上多样性程度减少,连通度、聚集度增加。③研究期内常州的蓝绿空间相对动态度最大,无锡最小;常州蓝绿空间破碎度、复杂度较高,景观格局变化较为剧烈;苏州蓝绿空间多样性程度较低,连通度及聚集度较高。【结论】近15年苏锡常都市圈的蓝绿空间规模与景观格局变化显著,城市间差异明显,必须对区域生态环境进行统筹规划和保护。     

面向多目标柔性作业车间调度的强化学习NSGA-II算法

针对非支配排序遗传算法 (NSGA-II, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II)在求解柔性作业车间多目标优化调度问题中多样性不足、易于早熟与局部收敛的缺点,提出一种基于强化学习的改进NSGA-II算法(RLNSGA-II, reinforcement learning non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II)。为避免NSGA-II陷入局部收敛问题引入双种群进化策略,利用性别判定法将种群拆分为两个种群,并在进化过程中采用不同的交叉变异算子,增加算法的局部和全局搜索能力;为解决NSGA-II精英策略造成多样性不足的问题,融合多个多样性度量指标,利用强化学习动态优化种群迭代过程中的拆分比例参数以保持多样性,改善算法收敛性能。最后通过Kacem标准算例进行了仿真实验与性能分析,验证了RLNSGA-II的有效性与优越性。     

武器装备体系组合规划的高维多目标优化决策

针对武器装备体系组合规划问题中存在多类相互冲突的高维多目标问题(目标数 ≥ 5),提出了一种三阶段的集成优化决策方法. 首先运用目的规划技术将高维多目标问题转换为一般多目标优化模型(目标数 ≤ 3); 然后提出一种多目标差分进化算法,用于搜索属于决策者关心区间的非劣解集; 最后提出基于预测优化的理想点算法,可生成精确满足决策者偏好的最佳折衷解. 通过某侦察装备体系组合规划示例,证明了各算法模块的优势和该方法的整体有效性,可为武器装备发展和顶层规划提供决策支持.     

Optimized LDPC differential-encoded 16QAM scheme for high-speed transmission systems

The 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation （16QAM） is a high spectral efficient scheme for high-speed transmission systems. To remove the phase ambiguity in the coherent detection system, differential-encoded 16QAM （DE-16QAM） is usually used, however, it will cause performance degradation about 3 dB as compared to the conventional 16QAM. To overcome the performance loss, a serial concatenated system with outer low density parity check （LDPC） codes and inner DE-16QAM is proposed. At the receiver, joint iterative differential demodulation and decoding （ID） is carried out to approach the maximum likelihood performance. Moreover, a genetic evolution algorithm based on the extrinsic information transfer chart is proposed to optimize the degree distribution of the outer LDPC codes. Both theoretical analyses and simulation results indicate that this algorithm not only compensates the performance loss, but also obtains a significant performance gain, which is up to 1 dB as compared to the conventional non-DE-16QAM.     

分子树在生物进化论研究中的作用

本文对分子树在生物进化论研究中的作用进行了综合性阐述     

Theoretical advances of the structures and catalytic activities of small-sized gold nanoclusters

Gold nanoclusters exhibit extraordinary catalytic activities,but the dominating factor is still unclear due to the complexity of the structures.In this review,we briefly summarized the recent theoretical progress on their structures and catalytic activities.Combining the experimental and theoretical efforts,the structures of small-sized gold clusters have been explored systematically.Based on the determined structures,factors that influence the catalytic capabilities of small-sized gold clusters(Au_(16)-Au_(35))are studied using CO oxidation asa probe.The preadsorption energies of CO and O_2are found strongly correlated with catalytic activities,which could be affected by the clusters'geometries,sizes,and charge distributions.In addition,the presence of water could significantly lower the activation energy barrier of O_2 dissociation to enhance the clusters'catalytic activities.     

程序树层次化结构统计模型及MOSES改进算法

为提高MOSES效率,提出了一种新的程序树层次化结构统计模型.该模型通过统计分析同类群,自动发现子树特征来指导优化.该模型不需要hBOA算法那样对变量集合进行建模,也不需要像MRTS算法那样遍历小规模的种群来发现潜在的有指导意义的子树.通过解决人工蚂蚁问题对算法进行了测试,结果表明改进后的MOSES算法更加高效.     

Biology of a nocturnal bee,Megalopta atra (Hymenoptera: Halictidae; Augochlorini), from the Panamanian highlands

Bees of the genus Megalopta have gained attention as a result of their social nesting and nocturnal foraging. Seventeen nests of Meglaopta atra from the highlands of Chiriqui Province, Panama, were collected at the end of the dry season when brood rearing is expected to be at its peak. Most nests contained single females; within multifemale nests only one female possessed enlarged ovarioles, although some non‐reproductive individuals were inseminated. In two of these nests reproductive individuals were clearly larger in body size than nestmates, but body size variation and macrocephaly were equivalent to those found in other Neotropical augochlorines. There was no evidence of a non‐reproductive worker‐like caste and multifemale nests did not appear to be more productive than solitary nests, which may represent pre‐reproductive assemblages. Megalopta atra appears to be isolated by altitude from co‐geners common in Panama, this is discussed in comparison with temperate halictine bees, in which environmental clines separate solitary from social populations.     

探索与实践：中国现代政治思潮的历史演变

政治思潮犹如政治发展的一面镜子，既随社会变迁而起伏跌宕，又是一种驱动力，推动着政治的向前发展。以“中国向何处去”为历史主题的现代政治思潮呈现出交织碰撞、异彩纷呈的局面。在与其他政治思潮进行了激烈交锋与对撞后，“一枝独秀”的马克思主义思潮伸出了窗外，指导着中国的革命与建设。     

论明清相如文君戏中情与理的嬗变

司马相如与卓文君的故事是明清戏剧的重要题材。明初的相如文君戏虽有对私情的欣赏,但道德教化是其根本旨归;到明中叶以后,此戏则高举情之大纛,奏响了至情的强音;到清代,相如文君戏则寄予了作家的忠君报国梦,从而完成了一个否定之否定的回归思想历程。通过梳理明清相如文君戏中情与理的嬗变,其间作家个人的思想倾向、襟怀抱负与时代社会潮流的关系昭然若揭。