杂多化合物抗番茄花叶病毒的研究

目的对所合成的杂多化合物进行抗TOMV的活性筛选,并进行了药物喷施时间对抗病毒效果的检测.方法通过浸根法和叶面喷施法进行了化合物抗TOMV的活性研究.结果所合成的部分杂多化合物具有抗TOMV的活性.结论 PrH2PMo12O40的抗病毒效果最优秀;抗病毒剂在病毒侵染宿主细胞以前使用,比在病毒侵染后使用效果好,在病毒浸染初期使用比在病毒侵染后期使用效果好.     

汽车挥发性有机物的采样分析及其防治对策

车内环境质量的好坏对人的身体健康有直接影响。近年来,随着国内汽车保有量的增加,有车族们在车内度过的时间也越来越多,汽车内空气污染给人体健康带来的危害也逐渐被社会所关注。本文旨在研究汽车内空气污染物VOC(挥发性有机化合物)的来源、采样、分析及对策。     

上海市区非甲烷有机化合物( NMOCs) 的观测分析

为了研究大气中非甲烷有机化合物( NMOCs) 总体现状、组成特点和不同物种臭氧产生潜力, 以便在臭氧产生对 NMOCs 敏感的区域制定有效的臭氧控制政策, 对上海市区徐家汇从 2005年11月6 日到2007年8月10日进行了每日24 小时NMOCs 采样。数据分析表明, 上海市区 NMOCs 的日平均浓度没有明显的季节变化, 大约在 50nL/L, 主要由烷烃类、烯烃类和芳香烃类组成。反应活性和浓度水平都较高的芳香烃类对臭氧光化学产生的贡献占主导性地位。甲苯、二甲苯、乙基苯、丁烯和丙烯是臭氧产生潜力最大的几个物种。上海市区大气中的NMOCs以人为排放为主, 主要来自城市机动车尾气、建筑材料和有机溶剂的挥发以及南部金山化工区的排放。     

HS-SPME/GC-MS/GC-O对镇江香醋特征香气成分的确定

采用顶空固相微萃取提取了镇江香醋的挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术结合气相色谱-嗅觉测量法以及化合物的保留指数,鉴定了镇江香醋的主要香气成分;同时利用气相色谱-嗅觉测量技术,采用探测频率和探测强度相结合的办法,初步确定了乙酸、3-甲基丁酸、乙酸乙酯、乙酸-3-甲基-丁酯、乙酸苯乙酯、苯乙醇、2,3-丁二酮、二氢-5-戊基-2(3H)-呋喃酮、2-甲基丙醛、3-甲基丁醛、糠醛、苯甲醛、三甲基恶唑、2,3-二甲基吡嗪、三甲基吡嗪、四甲基吡嗪16种化合物为镇江香醋的特征香味物质.     

几种典型工业污泥及混合物热解特性影响因素

利用热重法,研究了3种典型工业污泥(制药,造纸、啤酒)及其混合物在不同影响因素下:热解温度、样品粒度、升温速率、热解压力、添加含金属元素化合物时的热解特性,研究得到热解机理方程式和反应动力学参数。结果表明,热解温度与压力、升温速率、样品粒度和升温速率污泥热解特性有重要影响,特别是添加了含金属元素化合物后,促进污泥热解有明显作用;3种典型工业污泥在低、中、高温段热解反应级数n分别为1,1.5,2.0,其热解特性参数并没有因为工业污泥试样的混合而显著改变;工业污泥热解特性表现出与煤矸石料相同特性,热解初期活化能和频率因子较低,随着热解温度升高,活化能和频率因子均增大,特别是在热解后期,活化能和频率因子都较高。     

纳米ZnO固载辣根过氧化物酶及其降解酚类化合物研究

目的 利用纳米材料固载辣根过氧化物酶并对固载酶性质及应用进行研究.方法 运用电镜,红外光谱法表征材料,用紫外光谱法检测固载化HRP活性.结果 固载酶在碱性环境中活性比游离酶平均高40%,60℃反应体系里仍然能维持45.3%活性,保存50 d后活性为35.8%,用于降解苯酚与氯酚时去除效率分别为87.3%和65.4%.结论 实验证明了纳米ZnO能够固载辣根过氧化物酶,所得固载酶应用于降解苯酚、氯酚水溶液时催化效率比游离酶分别提高39.68%和21.56%.但是,固载化HRP的重复利用性较差,4次循环使用后基本失活.有必要进一步探索优化固载与催化条件,提高固载酶重复利用性.     

Perfluorinated compounds in milk,milk powder and yoghurt purchased from markets in China

The exposure to perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) through the diet for humans is of great concern. Among the diet, dairy products are in great demand. This paper reports the study on the levels of 9 perfluorinated acids and 2 fluorotelomer acids in milk, milk powder and yoghurt purchased from Chinese markets from 2008 to 2009. The analytes were quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). In milk samples, perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perf...     

Identification of petroleum aromatic fraction by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) is com-mercially available in the 1990s, with the characteristics of large peak capacity, high resolution, high sensitivity, etc. However, its application to the petroleum and geological analyses is just emerging in China and overseas. In this research, the analytical method for petroleum aromatic fraction using GC×GC-TOFMS is set up, via the choice of the column system and optimization of setting parameters, such as temperature programming, modulation time, hot pulse time, flow rate of carrier gas, data acquisition rate and data processing. The results indicate that different polar compounds of aromatic fraction distribute as bands on structured GC×GC chromatogram. Within each band, homologous compounds appear as a roof-tile structure based on the number of substituent residues. The aromatic compounds are identified and characterized according to the GC×GC chromatogram and mass spectra. According to the polarity and the number of rings, aromatic compounds are spatially present on one chromatogram, which directly reflects the distribution characteristics of complex compounds of aromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, quantitative analysis is favored as some overlapped peaks on traditional GC-MS chromatogram have been separated completely on GC×GC. Some heterocyclic atom aromatic compounds at trace level can be clearly identified using this method, for polarity differences from other interfered aromatic compounds. The development of this method and chromatogram recognition offer petroleum geologists a practical example for the application performance of GC×GC-TOFMS.     

Wetting behavior and interfacial characteristic of Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy on Cu substrate

Wettability of molten Sn-Ag-Cu alloy on Cu substrate has been determined by sessile drop method, as well as its dependence on time and temperature. It was found that the evolution of contact angle at the alloy’s melting point experienced four different stages. Especially, the contact angle was unstable and fluctuant in stage II, and gradually decreased in stage III mainly due to a chemical reaction between Sn-Ag-Cu alloy and Cu substrate. The contact angle decreased with increasing temperature, but increased slightly at 629 K, for another chemical reaction occurred. Interfacial characteristic has been further investigated by examining the sample’s cross section. Intermetallic compounds of Cu6Sn5 and β-Sn phase were found at the interface of Sn-Ag-Cu/Cu.     

含钛复合矿选择性提取制备钛合金

采用固体透氧膜（solid oxygen-ion membrane,SOM）熔盐电解法,对含钛复合矿直接脱氧并选择性提取钛合金.经过X-射线衍射（X-ray diffraction, XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）和能量分数X-射线（energy dispersive X ray, EDX）分析,结果表明：从含钛高炉渣中可以直接提取出Ti5Si3合金粉末,并可有效去除金属杂质Ca,Mg,Al;从钛铁矿中可以直接提取出TiFex合金.最后,对电解脱氧过程进行讨论分析.