酶与有机溶剂

本文阐述了酶在有机溶剂中存在的两种形式:通过表面活性剂聚集体在有机溶剂中的溶解和直接以固态酶的形式悬浮于有机溶剂中.讨论了反胶团(或w/o微乳浊液)系统在酶促反应、选择性提取蛋白质等领域的应用和固态酶悬浮于有机溶剂中的性质和特点,并展望了这些系统的发展前景.     

西秦岭南带中志留统的岩石学特征与沉积环境

详细研究了西秦岭南带中志留统岩石学特征,对遭受重结晶作用的碳酸盐岩进行了结构成因分类。分析了该区中志留世的沉积环境及变化特征。在该区发现的层孔虫生物礁及其它“浅水”标志,表明志留纪时,为若尔盖微古陆北侧的边缘浅海环境。西部为局限陆棚环境,可分为:局限内陆棚、海湾、礁滩-泻湖-潮坪(孤立台地)等亚环境;东部为开阔陆棚环境,可分为浅海砂滩、内陆棚、外陆棚等亚环境。     

Suitability of urethane anesthesia for physiopharmacological investigations in various systems Part 1: General considerations

Summary The suitability of urethane anesthesia for physiopharmacological investigations is reviewed. Total dose administered and route of administration are recognized as factors having a great influence on both resting parameters and biological responses to drugs. A peculiar characteristic of urethane is represented by its ability to induce a surgical plane of anesthesia without affecting neurotransmission in various subcortical areas and the peripheral nervous system. This makes urethane a suitable general anesthetic for studying neural function in both central and peripheral nervous systems and accounts for the preservation of a number of reflex responses in urethane-anesthetized animals.     

溶剂萃取法制备碳酸盐的热力学讨论

向金属氯化物(Ⅰ)的水溶液中通入CO_2气体,以期制备相应的碳酸盐和酸式碳酸盐,在常温常压下,体系的△G>0,反应几乎是不可能的。向反应体系中加入有机溶剂(S),使生成的HCl即被萃取,可促进Ⅰ的继续转化。分析计算表明,S对HCl必须有很强的萃取能力,其K_萃须在10~5以上。研究了加入有机溶剂N_(235)前后,体系的热力学状态、函数及其变化。加入N_(235)后,K_萃值增大了5个数量级。考察了温度、时间和通气次数对系统热力学性质的影响。根据反应的耦合原理和热力学分析,提出萃取剂选择的原则。结合实验数据的估算说明:溶剂萃取法由Ⅰ和CO_2制备碳酸盐的工艺路线是可行的。     

飞机主动式余度作动舵面铰链力矩飞行测量方法

现代飞机舵面大多采用主动式余度作动系统。这种系统固有的力纷争现象,导致传统的基于原位载荷校准试验的飞机结构载荷测量方法,不再适用于现代飞机操纵舵面铰链力矩飞行测量。提出了一种基于离位载荷校准试验和原位载荷验证试验的飞机舵面铰链力矩测量方法,建立了相应的载荷测量模型,分析确定了铰链力矩测量精准度的影响因素,给出了可能引起的系统误差的验证和修正方法,形成了主动式余度作动舵面铰链力矩飞行测量流程。通过多型飞机舵面铰链力矩测量试飞,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性;提高了飞机舵面铰链力矩测量的精准度,为飞机舵面设计载荷验证与优化提供了可靠的实测载荷;得到了飞机舵面各作动机构的载荷分配,实现了飞机舵面作动系统力纷争的飞行监测,确保了飞行安全。     

外源有机酸协同生物炭对土壤微量元素的影响

为未来改善生物炭和有机酸共存的土壤营养状况提供参考依据,有必要探究生物炭和有机酸共存对土壤中微量元素的影响。以玉米秸秆为原材料制备生物炭,采集不同深度的黄棕壤,选择柠檬酸和苹果酸这2种酸进行试验,除对照外共设置8个不同处理方式,分别是不施加或施加生物炭的表土加柠檬酸处理、不施加或施加生物炭的表土加苹果酸处理、不施加或施加生物炭的底土加柠檬酸处理和不施加或施加生物炭的底土加苹果酸处理。结果表明：（1）与对照组相比,施加2种有机酸增加了土壤中的铁和锰的溶出,且柠檬酸处理的土壤溶液中的铁和锰含量高于苹果酸处理;（2）由于底土和表土存在理化性质的差异,影响了铁和锰的溶出量,底土溶液锰的溶出量高达0.34 mmol/L,而表土溶液铁的溶出量高达0.7 mmol/L;3）2%的生物炭没有完全阻碍两种有机酸对微量元素的溶出。结论 有机酸可以活化土壤中的铁和锰,其活化效果与有机酸种类、浓度、金属、土壤酸碱度有关,且生物炭的施加对阻碍有机酸活化土壤中微量元素的能力有限。     

棉花三系配套的研究

利用棉花杂种优势,是提高产量和改进纤维品质的有效途径。推广杂种棉的关键措施是进行三系配套,实行不育化制种。我们于1985年以哈型雄性不育材料为不育“源”,以北疆推广品种“新陆早一号”和“66—241”为回交亲本,进行回交转育。经过三年的回交和定向选择,现已基本育成不育性稳定的,农艺性状接近回交亲本的四个新的雄性不育系。1987年,开始了恢复系的转育工作,并取得一定的研究结果。同时对不育系的自然授粉也进行了初步的研究,发现不育系对野蜂有某种吸引力,因而有较高的单株成铃数;这对制种工作是十分有利的。     

煤炭企业固定工的地位及现存问题的改进

本文对当前煤炭企业用工制度改革存在的问题、改进途径和各种形式用工的比例进行了分析,并指出为适应煤矿安全生产及机械化发展的需要,保持固定工的用工比例,克服“铁饭碗在手”等隋性意识,充分发挥他们的骨干作用是问题的关键。为此,本文提出了改变工资结构、劳动结构等相应的改革措施。     

The in vivo expression of the globin genes of theβ cistron in γ-,δ-, andδβ-thalassemia heterozygotes

There is considerable evidence suggesting that the switch from to and chain production after birth is due, in part, to silencing of the genes by stage-specific factors which bind to their promoters and to the competition from the adult ( and ) genes for a common enhancer element located in the locus control region. As a consequence one can expect that the increased Hb F production in adults with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin or -thalassemia is directed mainly by -globin genes in cis to the deletion(s) responsible for these conditions. Here we review data on heterozygotes with -, -, or -thalassemia, who also had an^AT mutation, in cis or in trans, which was used as a marker of gene expression. The results show that a deletion affecting adult genes favors the expression of genes in cis, while the deletion of a single gene does not affect the expression of the gene in cis but leads to a faster switch postnatally.     

Detection of toxic metabolites in the hemolymph ofBeauveria bassiana infectedSpodoptera exigua larvae

Highly active metabolites have been detected in the hemolymph of the lepidopteranSpodoptera exigua infected with the mycopathogen,Beauveria bassiana. A combination of phenyl sepharose and CM ion exchange chromatography was utilized to extract the active metabolites from infected hemolymph samples. The active in vivo metabolites, having a molecular mass greater than 10 KDa, were thermolabile and were inactivated by proteinase K. These metabolites were characterized by their ability to disrupt metamorphosis, killing treated larvae at the wandering or pupal stage. Additionally, injection ofS. exigua larvae with active samples caused a reduction in the number of filopodial-producing hemocytes. The biological activities and biochemical properties suggest that novel compounds are produced duringB. bassiana mycosis.