兼氧-SBR工艺处理有机磷农药废水试验研究

采用自制的兼氧-SBR反应器对模拟的有机磷农药废水进行试验研究。对活性污泥进行培养、驯化,两个月后,COD去除率达到80%～90%。通过实验确定了一个周期的厌氧时间为2h、好氧时间为6h;研究了进水磷源、有机磷农药浓度对兼氧-SBR反应器处理效果的影响,不添加磷源比添加磷源处理效果要好,进水有机磷的最佳浓度为250mg/L。     

有机介质中氯化血红素催化邻苯二胺氧化反应的研究

在正丁醇中,以氯化血红素模拟辣根过氧化物酶催化过氧化氢氧化邻苯二胺的反应,发现在正丁醇中氯化血红素具有过氧化物酶活性,能催化过氧化氢氧化邻苯二胺的反应,并可产生稳定的中间体.用紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱、HPLC串连质谱对产物和中间体进行了表征.结果表明,产物是2,3-二氨基吩嗪,中间体是比产物多2个氢原子的吩嗪类化合物.     

离子液体的制备及在有机合成中的应用研究

离子液体因其诸多优点而在有机合成中得到越来越广泛的应用。本文主要介绍了离子液体的主要特点、制备及其在有机合成中的应用。     

Micelles-template induced organic nanocrystals based on iodo…nitro interactions

The nanocrystals based on a polar organic compound INBP （4-iodo-4＇-nitrobiphenyl） have been fabricated by reprecipitation approach. For the formation of INBP based nanocrystals, the intermolecular iodo…nitro interaction is the dominant driving force and the micelles formed by the surfactant CTAB （cetyltrimethylammonium bromide） molecules are the efficient templates for controlling morphologies of nanocrystals. The field emission scanning electro microscope （FESEM） images demonstrated that prism-like and needle-like nanocrystals of INBP were formed in pure water and micell containing aqueous solution, respectively. XRD pattern and UV/vis absorption spectra were employed to characterize the nanocrystals.     

线性等温吸附条件下有机污染物在地下饱水带中迁移的数学模型及参数分析

为研究在固-液界面的吸附降解等行为对饱水带中的有机污染物的迁移转化过程的影响,综合考虑有机污染物在饱水带中的扩散、吸附解吸、分配以及微生物降解作用,根据线性等温平衡吸附理论,建立了地下水流动方程与有机污染物在饱水带中迁移方程耦合的数学模型,探讨了模型中的分配系数及溶解项、吸附项的一阶反应速率等参数的改变对有机污染物运移规律的影响.结果表明,随着分配系数的增大,有机污染物因固相介质的吸附和截留而被限制其随地下水迁移;微生物降解作用对有机污染物的浓度有重要影响,随着反应速率的改变,污染物在固相和水相中的浓度迅速改变.本文的研究结果为定量描述溶质迁移过程提供理论依据,同时也为实验室中模型参数的测定提供可靠的依据.     

柴达木盆地西部第三系烃源岩生烃动力学研究

对柴达木盆地西部第三系烃源岩进行了生烃动力学模拟实验,使用氯仿对产物抽提,结果表明抽提物的生成量不符合经典的生烃动力学规律,无法采用动力学方程模型进行分析,这可能是由于模拟实验中产生了有机酸盐的缘故.柴西烃源岩模拟实验中抽提物的生成可以概括为有机母质一有机酸盐一抽提物和有机母质一抽提物两条途径.     

黄色物质吸收系数ag(440)与斜率Sg相关关系

利用2007年大连湾、长海县及舟山群岛附近海域黄色物质数据,对a_g(440)与S_g的相关关系进行研究发现:大连湾a_g(440)与S_g存在较为显著的负相关关系,长海县附近海域次之,而舟山群岛附近海域基本不存在相关性.根据Carder的研究成果,对a_g(440)与S_g相关关系的不确定性问题分别就近岸、大洋两类水体进行了分析,结果表明,无论是近岸水体还是大洋水体,存在负相关关系的几率较大,而出现正相关的几率很小.     

基于SIMULINK的永磁同步电机建模与仿真

从Park变换出发建立永磁同步电机的数学模型,通过编写M文件的S-函数建立相应的仿真模块.对电压型逆变器供电下永磁电动机的起动过程进行计算和分析,并讨论电磁参数对电机启动性能的影响.     

仿生物矿化过程合成无机/有机复合体研究

仿生材料目前是各国科学家关注的焦点,理论与实验研究已经取得很大进展。本文主要对模仿生物矿化过程合成无机/有机复合体进行了综述。     

Fate of secondary effluent dissolved organic matter during soil-aquifer treatment

The reduction of mass and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its fractions from secondary effluent during laboratory-scale soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) soil columns were studied. Reduction in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), absorbance of ultraviolet light at 254 nm (UV-254), biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and nonbiodegradable dis- solved organic carbon (NBDOC) for the bulk DOM averaged 72.35%, 53.98%, 97.49% and 35.33% across the soil columns, respectively. Using XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins, DOM was fractionated into 3 fractions: hydrophobic acid (HPO-A), transphilic acid (TPI-A) and hydrophilic fraction (HPI). HPO-A was removed by 61.06%, TPI-A by 54.86% and HPI by 74.95% as DOC as a consequence of the laboratory-scale SAT, respectively. The reduction of THMFP from HPO-A, TPI-A and HPI was 27.24%, 26.24% and 36.08%, respectively. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra revealed that the HPO-A isolated from the secondary effluent contained more aromatic functional groups than the corresponding TPI-A. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum analysis illustrated that TPI-A had decreased hydrocarbon and increased aromatics content in the SAT columns. Specific ultraviolet light absorbance (SUVA) and specific THMFP for each DOM fraction increased across the soil columns and HPI exhibited greater increase in both than HPO-A and TPI-A. The most problematic THM precursor was found to be HPO-A with its high quantity present in recharged water and high chlorine reactivity.