掺加铁矿尾砂的沥青混合料的路用性能

铁矿尾砂利用于沥青路面工程既环保又经济。通过高温车辙试验、蠕变试验和低温弯曲试验评价了掺铁矿尾砂的沥青混合料的路用性能。结果表明,掺铁矿尾砂能够明显提高沥青混合料的高温和低温性能,对混合料水稳定性影响较小。铁矿尾砂可以在沥青路面工程中大规模推广应用。     

鲁西地区铁矿类型特征及成矿谱系

山东省是中国的铁矿资源大省,其中鲁西地区铁矿成矿地质条件优越,铁矿类型有沉积变质型、接触交代型、热液交代充填-风化淋滤型、沉积型、岩浆型等多个成矿类型;其中尤以沉积变质型铁矿、接触交代型铁矿最为重要,是山东省的主要铁矿石来源。在梳理鲁西地区各种类型铁矿时空分布特点、分析典型铁矿床特征、控矿要素及矿床成因的基础上,以地质演化史为轴线,建立了鲁西地区各类型铁矿的成矿谱系。研究表明,在地质演化过程中,鲁西地区铁矿的形成是在海底火山喷发、地层沉积、岩浆侵入、区域变质、构造运动、风化淋滤等地质及成矿作用的高度耦合下形成的一系列地质产物;即在新太古代时期形成了沉积变质型铁矿(如韩旺式、苍峄式、杨庄式和济宁式铁矿)和岩浆型铁矿(如肖家沟式铁矿),在晚石炭世时期形成了沉积型铁矿(如山西式铁矿),在早白垩世时期形成了接触交代型铁矿(如莱芜式、莲子汪式铁矿)和热液交代充填-风化淋滤型铁矿(如朱崖式铁矿)。各种类型铁矿床具有地层控矿、岩体控矿、构造控矿和多要素共同控矿的特点。在铁矿勘查过程中,应按其成因类型和控矿要素进行有针对性的勘查部署,以此促进鲁西地区的铁矿勘查及研究工作整体水平得以提升。     

融合注意力空洞卷积和Transformer的矿石图像分割

在金矿研磨过程中,矿石粒度大小对后期黄金冶炼起着至关重要的作用,是一个不可忽略的关键参数。为解决图像分割中多数矿石表面不规则、棱角多,粘连等问题,通过结合注意力与多尺度空洞卷积的Vit Transformer模型研究了矿石图像分割。首先使用ResNet34作为下采样主干,增强对金矿石的特征提取能力;其次采用Transformer模块解决长距离依赖问题,融合复合通道注意力空洞模块提升网络对金矿石边缘特征的提取能力,提高了网络的抗干扰能力并扩大感受野。实验结果表明：本文算法准确率达到95.84%,Dice系数达到94.69%,交并比(IoU)达到90.39%,错误率低至7.83%。与其他算法对比,本文方法精度、Dice系数、IoU更高,可以较好地完成矿石图像分割任务。     

赞比亚卢安西亚矿区复杂铜矿孔雀石的机械活化及浸出研究

Mechanical activation(MA) of malachite was carried out by dry planetary grinding(DPG) and wet Isa grinding(WIG) methods. When the rotational speed was increased to 400 r/min in DPG, the specific surface area of malachite reached the maximum and the particle size reached the minimum of 0.7–100 μm. Agglomeration occurred between mineral particles when the rotational speed was increased to 580 r/min in DPG.However, no agglomeration was observed among particles with sizes 0.4–3 μm in WIG. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that, at a 580 r/min rotational speed in DPG, the amorphization degree of malachite was 53.12%, whereas that in WIG was 71.40%, indicating that MA led to amorphization and distortion of crystal structures. In addition, in the Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectra of activated malachite, the bands associated with –OH, CO_3^2-and metal lattice vibrations of Cu–O and Cu–OH were weakened, and a new H–O–H bending mode and peaks of gaseous CO_2 appeared, indicating that MA decreased the band energy, enhanced dihydroxylation, and increased the chemical reactivity of the malachite.Furthermore, the leaching behavior of copper ore was greatly improved by MA.     

Reduction and melting behavior of carbon composite lateritic bauxite pellets

Direct reduction of low-grade lateritic bauxite was studied at high temperature to recover Fe and beneficiate Al₂O₃ slag. The results show that a metallization rate of 97.9% and a nugget recovery rate of 85.1% can be achieved when the reducing and melting temperatures are 1350 and 1480℃, respectively. Moreover, a higher-grade calcium aluminate slag (Al₂O₃=50.52wt%) can also be obtained, which is mainly composed of α-Al₂O₃, hercynite (FeAl₂O₄), and gehlenite (Ca₂Al₂SiO₇). In addition, high-quality iron nuggets have been produced from low-grade lateritic bauxite. The nugget is mainly composed of iron (93.82wt%) and carbon (3.86wt%), with almost no gangue (slag).     

Development of carbon composite iron ore micropellets by using the microfines of iron ore and carbon-bearing materials in iron making

Iron ore microfines and concentrate have very limited uses in sintering processes. They are used in pelletization; however, this process is cost intensive. Furthermore, the microfines of non-coking coal and other carbon-bearing materials, e.g., blast-furnace flue dust (BFD) and coke fines, are not used extensively in the metallurgical industry because of operational difficulties and handling problems. In the present work, to utilize these microfines, coal composite iron oxide micropellets (2-6 mm in size) were produced through an innovative technique in which lime and molasses were used as binding materials in the micropellets. The micropellets were subsequently treated with CO₂ or the industrial waste gas to induce the chemical bond formation. The results show that, at a very high carbon level of 22wt% (38wt% coal), the cold crushing strength and abrasion index of the micropellets are 2.5-3 kg/cm2 and 5wt%-9wt%, respectively; these values indicate that the pellets are suitable for cold handling. The developed micropellets have strong potential as a heat source in smelting reduction in iron making and sintering to reduce coke breeze. The micropellets produced with BFD and coke fines (8wt%-12wt%) were used in iron ore sintering and were observed to reduce the coke breeze consumption by 3%-4%. The quality of the produced sinter was at par with that of the conventional blast-furnace sinter.     

铁尾矿物相分析及加气混凝土制备

 研究区域的铁矿尾矿SiO₂质量分数达55.88%, 其成矿地质环境独特而复杂。尾矿的组成以石英、闪石和斜长石为主, 是一种富含硅酸铁的低硅磁铁尾矿。将铁尾矿和硅砂分别粉磨25 和30 min, 在最大限度使用尾矿的条件下, 得出生产铁尾矿加气混凝土的优化方案, 成功制备出干密度为588 kg/m³, 抗压强度为3.99 MPa 的加气混凝土制品。通过XRD 和反应机理的分析结果表明, 成品中主要的物相为水化产物是0.9 nm 托贝莫来石、1.1 nm 托贝莫来石、1.4 nm 托贝莫来石和C-S-H 凝胶, 此外还有铁钙闪石、硬石膏、方解石和水化反应中残留的石英, C-S-H 凝胶作为“黏结剂”和托贝莫来石相互胶结成一个整体, 使制品得到较好的强度。     

红土镍矿焙烧过程中的矿相转变及其对气体还原的影响

研究了印度尼西亚红土镍矿焙烧过程中的矿相转变过程以及焙烧温度对混合气体 (V (CO) : V (O₂)=50 : 50)还原的影响. 采用差热/热重分析(differential scanning calorimeter/thermal gravimetric, DSC/TG)、比表面积分析法(Brunauer Emmett Teller, BET)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)、扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)等方法综合考察了各因素对红土镍矿焙烧过程及其对后续还原的影响. 结果表明: 在焙烧阶段, 红土镍矿中的针铁矿在 300°C 左右脱除结晶水形成赤铁矿, 600~700 °C时蛇纹石分解形成无定形态硅镁酸盐, 且当温度继续升高时无定形态硅镁酸盐会结晶形成橄榄石; 利用混合气体 (V (CO) : V (O2)=50 : 50)还原红土镍矿时, 随着焙烧温度的升高, 镍和铁的金属化率也逐渐升高, 经700°C焙烧后, 还原产物镍的金属化率最高可达86.81%, 但是当焙烧温度超过橄榄石结晶温度时则不利于红土镍矿的还原, 镍的金属化率降至66.73%.     

Effect of aluminum oxide on the compressive strength of pellets

Analytical-reagent-grade Al₂O₃ was added to magnetite ore during the process of pelletizing, and the methods of mercury intrusion, scanning electron microscopy, and image processing were used to investigate the effect of Al₂O₃ on the compressive strength of the pellets. The results showed that, as the Al₂O₃ content increased, the compressive strength of the pellets increased slightly and then decreased gradually. When a small amount of Al₂O₃ was added to the pellets, the Al₂O₃ combined with fayalite (2FeO·SiO₂) and the aluminosilicate (2FeO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂) was generated, which releases some iron oxide and reduces the inhibition of fayalite to the solid phase of consolidation. When Al₂O₃ increased sequentially, high melting point of Al₂O₃ particles hinder the oxidation of Fe₃O₄ and the recrystallization of Fe2O3, making the internal porosity of the pellets increase, which leads to the decrease in compressive strength of the pellets.     

Effect of reduction roasting by using bio-char derived from empty fruit bunch on the magnetic properties of Malaysian iron ore

Beneficiation of Malaysian iron ore is becoming necessary as iron resources are depleting. However, the upgrading process is challenging because of the weak magnetic properties of Malaysian iron ore. In this study, bio-char derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was utilized as an energy source for reduction roasting. Mixtures of Malaysian iron ore and the bio-char were pressed into briquettes and subjected to reduction roasting processes at 873–1173 K. The extent of reduction was estimated on the basis of mass loss, and the magnetization of samples was measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). When reduced at 873 K, the original goethite-rich ore was converted into hematite. An increase in temperature to 1073 K caused a significant conversion of hematite into magnetite and enhanced the magnetic susceptibility and saturation magnetization of samples. The magnetic properties diminished at 1173 K as the iron ore was partially reduced to wustite. This reduction roasting by using the bio-char can assist in upgrading the iron ore by improving its magnetic properties.