对英语专业八级口语口译考试评分的探讨

本文通过对英语专业八级口语口译考试的评分标准的考察，指出八级口语口译考试评分中两个突出的特点，即突出口语考试和口译考试评分“信息单元化”，从而影响口译质量评估的有效性。适当改变评分比例和口译评分标准的改进将有助于改善测评效果。     

Why the Afshar experiment does not refute complementarity

A modified version of Young's experiment by Shahriar Afshar demonstrates that, prior to what appears to be a “which-way” measurement, an interference pattern exists. Afshar has claimed that this result constitutes a violation of the Principle of Complementarity. This paper discusses the implications of this experiment and considers how Cramer's Transactional Interpretation easily accommodates the result. It is also shown that the Afshar experiment is analogous in key respects to a spin one-half particle prepared as “spin up along x”, subjected to a nondestructive confirmation of that preparation, and post-selected in a specific state of spin along z. The terminology “which-way” or “which-slit” is critiqued; it is argued that this usage by both Afshar and his critics is misleading and has contributed to confusion surrounding the interpretation of the experiment. Nevertheless, it is concluded that Bohr would have had no more problem accounting for the Afshar result than he would in accounting for the aforementioned pre- and post-selection spin experiment, in which the particle's preparation state is confirmed by a nondestructive measurement prior to post-selection. In addition, some new inferences about the interpretation of delayed choice experiments are drawn from the analysis.     

Presence of hsp65 in bacterial extracts (OM-89): A possible mediator of orally-induced tolerance?

Heat shock proteins (HSP) have been implicated in rodent models of autoimmunity, particularly arthritis, and there is suggestive though inconclusive evidence that they may also play a role in human autoimmune disease. The simplest hypothesis is based on molecular mimicry due to the amino-acid sequence homology between mammalian and microbial HSP. Recently OM-89, an extract of several strains ofEscherichia coli, has shown some efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) when taken orally. Using species-specific antibodies, we show here that OM-89 contains the 65 kDa HSP (hsp65), while hsp65 was not detected in another bacterial extract containing other microorganisms, includingStaphylococcus aureus (OM-85). We suggest that if the human homologue of hsp65 is a relevant target antigen in the human disease, the efficacy of the preparation could be due to induction of oral tolerance or to switching the Th1 response towards Th2. Alternatively, even if the human hsp65 is not a target molecule in RA joints, OM-89 may evoke bystander suppression of joint inflammation via induction of TGF-secreting effector cells. These hypotheses should be tested in further studies.     

神经网络方法确定玛北油田岩性油藏含油边界

用常规方法确定岩性油藏含油边界需要一定的井孔资料，导致勘探成本较高，为此引入神经网络方法。先对地震资料进行解释，提取地震特性参数，与已知井的试油结果一起组成神经网络的学习样本集，经训练并绘制测线剖面或平面图，最终确定出含油边界。应用该方法对准噶尔盆地玛北油田二叠系乌尔禾组和三叠系百口泉组油藏进行了含油边界的确定，结果表明，用该方法可以直观地在剖面图上确定油藏的含油边界，这样确定的含油边界能够满足储量计算的要求，且该方法较传统方法有很大的优越性。     

The age of formation of the mirabilite and sand wedges in the Hexi Corridor and their paleoclimatic interpretation

The Hexi Corridor is located at the transition zone of the Asian summer monsoon and westerly airflow, and lies in an important position in terms of its ecological fragility and climatic sensitivity. During a recent field expedition to this region, we found a sedimentary mirabilite layer in a number of localities including Suwushan, Yanchi, Baitujing, Yanchi Gaotai, Huahai, Yumen, Halanuo扙r, and Dunhuang (Fig. 1), which have the potential to provide important information about environmenta…     

大学英语口语测试设计思路

根据英语语言测试理论，提出大学英语口语测试的设计思路．分析了大学英语口语测试所面临的新挑战，如资源问题，人力问题，时间问题，效度问题，信度问题，区分度问题及解决这些问题的建议．通过分析学生的口语能力提出口语测试范围及施考方法和评分方法．     

导赤散加味治疗口腔溃疡30例

依据“舌为心之苗”之理论，采用导赤散加味治疗口腔溃疡30例，均获满意疗效。     

神经网络专家系统在试井解释中的应用

论述了应用专家系统和人工神经网络自动识别试井解释模型的新方法．首先应用人工智能对试井解释模型的压力导数图进行识别，建立了用专家系统构成模块式识别系统；然后应用人工神经网络实现试井解释模型识别；该系统能根据新的试井资料识别试井解释模型；最后，神经网络和专家系统相结合用于试井解释．油田实际试井数据的识别结果说明该方法是一种非常有效的识别方法，对不完全的，有噪声的试井数据也能有效地识别，识别准确率较其它方法都有较大提高     

老板口服液的急性及长期毒性研究

老板口服液急性毒性实验，小鼠灌胃剂量达４０ｇ／ｋｇ时，未出现毒性症状和死亡现象．腹腔注射给药ＬＤ５０为１１．５６ｇ／ｋｇ．大鼠长期毒性实验分别灌胃给药１０ｇ／ｋｇ、５ｇ／ｋｇ和２．５ｇ／ｋｇ，连续６周．各组无动物死亡．动物外观、体重增长、血象、肝肾功能及各脏器指数与对照组无明显差异．脏器组织检查高剂量组１３只大鼠中有２只大鼠少量肝细胞脂肪样变．但留存动物于停药３周后，病检均正常．提示老板口服液临床口服用药安全范围较大．     

表达技能

在教学过程中，教学信息的传递和师生的互动，都离不开表达。表达作为一种教学技能，它在知识的传递和课堂里的师生人际交流中，无时无刻地被运用着。教师表达的特点，在很大程度上决定了教学效果的好坏。同样的教学内容，由于不同教师的不同的表达组织方式，使课堂教学变得极具多样性的特点。无论是课堂的气氛、教学的效果、学生学习的情绪和动机等，都会因教师表达的不同而具有很大的差异性。