The roles of poly(ADP-ribose)-metabolizing enzymes in alkylation-induced cell death

Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) has been identified as a DNA damage-inducible cell death signal upstream of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). PAR causes the translocation of AIF from mitochondria to the nucleus and triggers cell death. In living cells, PAR molecules are subject to dynamic changes pending on internal and external stress factors. Using RNA interference (RNAi), we determined the roles of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases-1 and -2 (PARP-1, PARP-2) and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), the key enzymes configuring PAR molecules, in cell death induced by an alkylating agent. We found that PARP-1, but not PARP-2 and PARG, contributed to alkylation-induced cell death. Likewise, AIF translocation was only affected by PARP-1. PARP-1 seems to play a major role configuring PAR as a death signal involving AIF translocation regardless of the death pathway involved. Received 7 November 2007; received after revision 19 December 2007; accepted 21 December 2007 O. Cohausz, C. Blenn: These two authors contributed equally to this work.     

Zinc binding to peptide analogs of the structural zinc site in alcohol dehydrogenase: Implications for an entatic state

Zinc binding to the peptide replica and analogs to residues 93–115 of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was examined by competition of the peptides and the chromophoric chelator 4-(2- pyridylazo)resorcinol for zinc and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of the zinc ligands. In the enzyme, zinc is coordinated by four Cys residues. In the peptide replica, zinc is bound to three Cys and one His residue. A four-Cys zinc coordination is observed only when His is removed, leading to increased zinc stability. ADH crystal structures reveal that the ε-amino group of the conserved residue Lys323 is within H-bond distance of the backbone amide oxygens of residues 103, 105 and 108, likely stabilizing the zinc coordination in the enzyme. The peptide data thus indicate structural strain and increased energy in the zinc-binding site in the protein, characteristic of an entatic state, implying a functional nature for this zinc site. Received 3 July 2008; received after revision 11 August 2008; accepted 1 September 2008     

低码率下MPEG—2自适应量化控制策略

对ＭＰＥＧ－２ＴＭ５量化控制策略进行了修正,提出了一种基于宏块直方图特性的自适应量化控制方法．该方法考虑了人眼的视觉特性和编码效率,适应于低码率下的ＭＰＥＧ－２压缩编码,并能有效地提高图象质量．     

3-N-丙酰基-2-芳基-5-(2-氯苯基)-1,3,4-(口恶)唑啉类化合物的合成

2-氯苯甲酰肼(2)与芳醛反应得到相应的酰腙(3a~3h),而后与丙酸酐脱水环化成了3-N-丙酰基-2-芳基-5-(2-氯苯基)-1,3,4-唑啉类化合物(4a~4h),通过元素分析,IR,1H NMR和MS对化合物4a~4h的结构进行了表征.     

不同系统之间的混沌同步

基于稳定性理论,针对SQCF系统和SCCF系统提出了两种不同系统之间的混沌同步控制策略：一是选取一正定的李亚普诺夫函数,基于李亚普诺夫直接法求出混沌同步的控制量,从而使两个不同的系统达到混沌同步;二是运用激活控制法实现两个不同系统的混沌同步．这两种方法均适用于一般的混沌系统,并用Mathematica软件给出了数值模拟．理论分析及仿真结果都表明该方法可以较快地实现不同系统之间的混沌同步．     

基于EPM7128的BZGK2型保护器的方案设计与性能分析

BZGK2型高压综合保护器是为BPG-6/10系列矿用隔爆型高压配电装置而专门设计的。它是以微控制器AT89S52为核心,但其对井下复杂信息的采集反应过慢,对此,我们采用复杂的可编程逻辑器件CPLD-EPM7128代替AT89S52设计出新型保护器。文中给出了以EPM7128LSC84为核心的新型保护器的设计方案,重点介绍了CPLD与键盘和显示电路、A/D转换控制的实现方案及部分模块的WDF波形图。     

窖水中主要无机离子对光催化灭除大肠杆菌(E.coli)的影响研究

采用自主开发的N-TiO_2作为光催化剂,在流动相光催化反应装置中,对窖水中所含Ca~(2+)、Cl~-、CO_3~(2-)、HCO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)等主要无机离子对光催化剂灭除E.coli的影响,以及复配模拟窖水和实际窖水对光催化灭除E.coli的影响进行了实验研究,并分析了其影响机理。实验结果表明:Ca~(2+)、HCO_3~-对光催化灭除E.coli有抑制作用,CO_3~(2-)对光催化灭除E.coli有明显的促进作用,而SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-对光催化灭除E.coli无影响。在对实际窖水进行光催化灭除E.coli菌落总数的实验中,经60min反应,窖水中菌落总数和总大肠菌群均为零,达到国家饮用水卫生标准,说明自主开发的NTiO_2光催化剂在农村窖水深度处理灭除E.coli效果好,可推广应用。     

热压烧结ZrB2／B4C陶瓷材料的组织与性能

以B4C、C、ZrO2为主要原料,采用反应热压法制备ZrB2／B4C陶瓷材料。通过对ZrB2／B4C陶瓷材料的显微组织及力学性能的综合分析,发现第二相ZrB2含量为20wt％时,材料具有较好的综合力学性能,相对密度为99．3％,维氏硬度为36．1GPa,抗弯强度为533．3MPa,断裂韧性为6．95MPa·m^1/2,比纯B4C陶瓷材料的性能均有所提高。材料为穿晶和沿晶断裂的混合断裂模式。     

MPTP慢性帕金森病小鼠海马内氧化应激与细胞凋亡蛋白的表达

目的 观察 MPTP慢性帕金森病小鼠海马氧化应激指标及细胞凋亡相关蛋白的表达.方法 应用MPTP制备慢性帕金森病模型,观察行为学改变,Morris水迷宫实验,检测模型组和对照组小鼠海马内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）及丙二醛（MDA）舍量变化,以及免疫组织化学方法、RT-PCR方法、Western blot方法检测海马Bax和Bel-2蛋白表达.结果 慢性帕金森病模型小鼠行为学特点为震颤、活动减少;水迷宫实验结果提示认知功能降低;与对照组海马比较：模型组海马SOD、GSH含量均下降,而MDA含量升高（P〈0.05）;模型组海马Bax蛋白表达增高,而Bel-2蛋白表达下降（P〈0.05）.结论 氧化应激在慢性帕全森病认知功能障碍发病机制中起重要作用,而Bax和Bcl-2蛋白参与了氧化应激诱导海马神经元凋亡的调控过程.     

基于△DOR信号的高精度VLBI技术

在嫦娥二号（CE-2）工程中,我国首次开展了X波段ADOR测量实验,获取了ADOR信号的VLBI时延数据,并用于精密定轨．本文给出了CE-2中ADOR信号的VLBI测量与数据处理方法,结合我国VLBI测量系统对时延数据进行了误差分析及精密定轨分析．结果表明：ADOR信号的VLBI时延精度优于0．5ns,比利用S波段信标的测量精度提高约一个数量级．本研究成果为后续的月球及深空探测高精度测定轨提供了重要的技术手段．