用U型管法测定液体的表面张力系数

介绍了用U型管法测定液体表面张力系数的原理和方法。由于采用线阵光电耦合器件(CCD)进行测量,提高了测量精度。     

Molecular dynamics simulation and continuum modelling of granular surface flow in rotating drums

Numerical simulations of granular flows in rotating drums operated at medium to high rates (Fr=0.1― 0.2) have been carried out by using a Molecular Dynamics (MD) algorithm that incorporates inelastic particle interactions, sliding friction and rolling friction. The results indicate that the behavior of granular flow in rotating drums can be classified into two distinct zones: a shear active layer at the bed surface and a quasi-static plug flow region adjacent to the wall. The residence time of a tracer particle in the active layer is approximately a third or a half of that in the plug flow region. The thickness of the active layer at mid-chord is about 0.57―0.61 times that of the plug flow region. It is found that all cases simulated in this work are in the rolling-cascading intermediate regime instead of the pure rolling re-gime. The simulated tangential velocity at the mid-chord is also compared with experimental results reported in the literature and good agreement has been obtained. Based on the MD simulations and experimental results, a continuum approach has also been developed. It is shown that the behavior of granular solids in the plug flow region experiences plastic deformation along the radial direction from the wall with the velocity profiles well described by an exponential function, whereas the active layer velocity follows a simple expression for the Couette shear flow. Discussion has also been made on the granular temperature and concentration profiles.     

Clay minerals in surface sediments of the Pearl River drainage basin and their contribution to the South China Sea

Clay minerals have played a significant role in the study of the East Asian monsoon evolution in the South China Sea by being able to track oceanic current variations and to reveal contemporaneous paleoclimaUc changes prevailing in continental source areas. As one of the most important rivers inputting terrigenous matters to the northern South China Sea, the Pearl River was not previously paid attention to from the viewpoint of clay mineralogy. This paper presents a detailed study on clay minerals in surface sediments collected from the Pearl River drainage basin （including all three main channels, various branches, and the Lingdingyang in the estuary） by using the X-ray diffraction （XRD） method. The results indicate that the clay mineral assemblage consists dominantly of kaolinite （35%-65%）, lesser abundance of chlorite （20%-35%） and illite （12%-42%）, and very scare smectite occurrences （generally 〈5%）. Their respective distribution does not present any obvious difference throughout the Pearl River drainage basin. However, downstream the Pearl River to the northern South China Sea, the clay mineral assemblage varies significantly： kaolinite decreases gradually, smecUte and illite increase gradually. Additionally, illite chemistry index steps down and illite crystallinity steps up. These variations indicate the contribution of major kaolinite, lesser illite and chlorite, and very scarce smecUte to the northern South China Sea from the Pearl River drainage basin. The maximum contribution of clay minerals from the Pearl River is 72% to the northern margin and only 15% to the northern slope of the South China Sea. In both glacials and interglacials, kaolinite indicates that the ability of mechanical erosion occurred in the Pearl River drainage basin.     

浅谈桥面破损病害的成因及防治

简述了公路桥梁桥面破损病害的特征,分析了桥面破损的成因,提出了桥面破损的防治对策。     

灌溉技术与节能降耗

农业生产很大程度上依赖灌溉技术。阐述了一些主要的传统灌溉技术及现代节水灌溉技术,提出了在我国推广节水灌溉的必要性。     

高光谱遥感技术在悬沙水体研究中的应用

水体中悬浮泥沙影响到水体的透明度和水色等光学性质，还密切关系到河口海岸冲淤变化过程。采用高光谱遥感技术获得悬沙水体的反射光谱数据，同时从原理上来计算反射率。针对传统水体遥感测量的局限性，地物光谱仪测量方式更加合理。选用地物光谱仪和光纤光谱仪进行研究，得到以下结论：随着悬沙浓度的增高，反射率也增高，且发生反射的波段范围有所增大；离水面一定距离时测得的悬沙反射率的误差主要来自于天空光，近水面虽然减少了天空光的部分影响，但光纤光谱仪较敏感，受水面波动的影响较大；到水面下光强变弱，利用光纤光谱仪可以不受天空光影响直接获得水体反射率。     

沥青路面再生机微波加热机理及数值模拟

针对开口微波场中沥青混凝土路面微波加热机理的探讨，从麦克斯韦波动方程、热力学微分方程出发，建立了开口微波场中微波透射沥青混凝土路面材料时的三维有源非稳态加热模型．利用热力学第一边界条件，选用时域差分法求解耦合的麦克斯韦波动方程及热力学偏微分方程组，得到了各种加热条件下沥青混凝土路面材料中的温度场．实验发现，数值计算的结果与实验结果相当吻合，验证了沥青混凝土路面三维有源非稳态微波加热模型的正确性，为开发可用于沥青混凝土路面再生等大尺寸复合电介质微波加热设备提供了理论基础、设计方法和实验依据．     

硝酸改性褐煤半焦制备烟气脱硫剂

在硝酸质量分数分别为25%,45%和65%条件下改性褐煤半焦,制备出了烟气二氧化硫吸附剂,并在固定床反应装置上模拟烟气组成进行了脱硫活性测试。利用工业分析、元素分析、酸碱滴定和孔隙结构测定等分别对硝酸改性褐煤半焦制备的烟气脱硫剂工业组成、元素组成、表面酸碱性以及表面积、孔容等进行分析和表证。实验结果表明:随着硝酸对褐煤半焦的改性,制备的改性半焦烟气脱硫剂脱硫活性有所提高;硝酸处理造成半焦挥发分即含氧基团和含氮基团增加,导致表面酸性上升;改性半焦表面积和孔容的增加是二氧化硫脱除硫容提高的主要原因。     

等离子束表面冶金涂层技术研究与应用

对等离子束表面冶金涂层技术与其他相近技术进行了比较。等离子束表面冶金涂层技术是一种快速非平衡冶金反应过程,类似粉末冶金,原则上可不受组成物的相溶性、熔点、密度等性质的限制,因此不需要预制合金雾化粉,可利用任意粉末的任意配比,获得通常冶金方法不能得到的(组织)物相。等离子束表面冶金涂层技术效率高,操作简便,成本低,应用前景广阔。     

浅析伊通河地表水中镉迁移转化的规律

通过近4a对伊通河长春段6个地表水监测断面中重金属镉的研究，结果表明，地表水中镉的含量随流程的增加而增加，年平均含量也在递增。此外，研究区域内，镉以Cd^2＋为主，且镉有接近超标并逐年升高的趋势。