基于数据字典的软件预防性维护设计

软件的可维护性是软件质量的一个重要衡量标准．在软件设计的同时就把软件的维护性 考虑进去，这样可以显著减少软件未来的维护工作量，但这却未引起人们的足够重视，鲜见有关报 道．首先分析了数据字典的种类和作用，然后提出利用数据字典在软件设计阶段进行预防性维护 设计这一设计思想，从而可以提高软件的适应性、灵活性，减少软件的未来维护工作量．     

HOW ARE PRODUCT-SERVICE COMBINED OFFERS PROVIDED IN GERMANY AND ITALY？ ANALYSIS WITH COMPANY SIZES AND COUNTRIES

A new business concept that offers products and services in a different way of traditional product-sales businesses is getting more attention especially in manufacturing industries. This paper investigates how this new business by means of integration of products and services is achieved in Germany and Italy. In addition, it analyzes the differences according to the company sizes. The results include that this type of business is in many cases motivated by their focus on customers and often consists of physical products and their maintenance. The Italian companies, as opposed to the German ones, often design their physical products specifically for this type of offers. From the analysis based on the size difference, small companies are found to achieve specific design for this type of offers while owning physical products. There do not seem to be any established methods or tools developed to support the development of such offers and within such methods/tools there would be room for more adaptation in form of physical product design.     

一类异构多部件系统的非集中式维修策略

针对异构多部件系统内部存在部件维修地位不均等的问题,提出了一种基于寿命分布的非集中式维修策略.考虑多部件系统由两类部件构成:功能复杂的高维修优先级部件和功能简单的低维修优先级部件.前者的故障需要立即进行紧急维修,同时维修次数是有限的;而后者的故障可被暂且搁置,以等待成组维修.考虑维修工作由两个维修团队共同竞争完成,团队之间的竞争关系符合斯坦克尔伯格竞争模型.在此基础上,通过建立起部件的故障次序统计量,以多部件系统总体期望费用率的最小化为目标,建立了一种非集中式维修策略的优化模型,并通过数值仿真进行验证.     

Development and Application of Maintenance Template in Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plant

Good practices of maintenance optimization in nuclear power field need to be effectively consolidated and inherited,and maintenance optimization can provide technology support to create a long-term reliable and economic operation for nuclear power plants( NPPs) especially for a large number of nuclear powers under construction. Based on the development and application of maintenance template in developed countries,and combining with reliability-centered maintenance( RCM) analysis results and maintenance experience data over the past ten years in domestic NPPs, the development process of maintenance template was presented for Chinese pressurized water reactor( PWR) NPP,and the application of maintenance template to maintenance program development and maintenance optimization combined with cases were demonstrated. A shortcut was provided for improving the efficiency of maintenance optimization in domestic PWR NPP,and help to realize a safe,reliable,and economic operation for domestic NPPs.     

基于状态空间分割的两部件系统机会维修优化

针对"硬失效"故障的两部件串联系统,制定了周期性视情预防更换、机会更换和故障更换相结合的维修策略,提出了劣化状态空间分割方法以分析机会维修模型中系统的各种维修组合的维修概率,并给出了系统稳态联合概率密度的数值近似求解方法.应用该方法建立了基于半更新过程理论的系统长期平均费用率模型,求解最优维修策略对应的检测周期、机会和预防维修阈值.数值实验表明了劣化状态空间分割法和费用率模型的正确性和有效性,分析了优化结果对各种费用参数的灵敏程度.     

220kV及以上电压输电线路的继电保护可靠性及状态检修研究

传统220kV及以上电压输电线路的继电保护可靠性及状态检修过程实现过程复杂,且容易受到外界环境的干扰,导致可靠性及状态检修研究结果不准确。因此研究了一种新的继电保护可靠性及状态检修过程,根据220kV及以上电压输电线路继电保护装置自身特点,对干扰其可靠运行的因素进行分类,构建相应的故障树模型,通过马尔科夫矩阵转移法计算继电保护装置的可用度和发生故障的概率,研究了装置硬件和软件的可靠性。经实例分析发现,继电保护装置的可用度随检修效率、状态评估效率和检修工人效率的增大呈先增加后不变的趋势。分析了检修周期对继电保护装置可靠性的影响,在此基础上研究了继电保护状态检修过程。     

两阶段串联可修系统的统计过程控制与视情维修整合研究

针对两阶段串联可修系统,考虑随机偏移的情况,研究统计过程控制（SPC）与视情维修整合的问题. 首先,应用均值-残差联合控制图监控系统的质量状态,根据质量状态采取相应的维修策略,在此基础上,分析SPC与视情维修策略整合的可能场景,并根据全概率公式给出了每个场景发生的概率;其次,考虑人力成本、生产率以及停时损失,根据更新理论构建了SPC与视情维修整合的数学模型;然后,针对具体实例,将构建的模型与单独的维修策略模型和采用经验法则选取控制图的设计参数模型进行了比较分析,结果表明构建的模型在节约成本方面有着明显的优势;最后,运用部分析因设计对过程参数、时间参数和成本参数进行了敏感性分析.     

高频逆变焊机用于钢轨及辙叉线上焊补与维护

从技术的角度论证了用于钢轨及辙叉线上焊补用高频逆变焊机的性能 ,经铁道部产品质量检测中心的测试 ,各项主要技术指标均已达到国外同类产品的水平 .对辙叉焊补后的金相实验证明该方法科学合理 ;有关焊补工艺 ,大量现场实验说明取得了相当满意的结果 .     

面临“命运攸关的危机”——论康拉德《胜利》中的社会病态

特殊时代人们精神状况的异常表现是贯穿《胜利》一书的社会性病症。通过结合传统的功能主义者所提出的社会病态这一概念来分析《胜利》，可以看到整个社会对正义、利己主义和人与人之间的社会热情这三方面的不健康的判断和表现，并由此引发康拉德对于爱德华时期英国社会的道德观念和价值标准的批判和反思，也使得这部作品体现出其应有的社会性价值。     

浅谈电梯老龄化问题——兼论电梯维修保养的重要性

本文首先介绍了电梯目前"老龄化"的现状,对电梯目前所存在的问题进行分析,特别是电梯的维修保养所存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决问题的方法。