五角枫挥发物的提取鉴定及黄斑星天牛对主要组分的触角电位反应

在确定新疆伊犁地区黄斑星天牛成虫嗜食寄主的基础上,利用GC-MS技术鉴定五角枫嫩枝和叶片的挥发物组分,并利用触角电位反应测定成虫对主要挥发物的电生理活性.研究结果表明,在多寄主植物混栽区,黄斑星天牛成虫更偏好取食五角枫的嫩枝补充营养,更喜好在旱柳和复叶槭枝干上刻槽产卵.从五角枫挥发物中共鉴定到34种化合物,其中萜烯类和酯类物质是主要组分,相对含量分别占挥发物组成的70.49%和23.94%.(Z)-β-罗勒烯、桧烯、β-石竹烯、α-水芹烯和乙酸-顺-3-己烯酯在挥发物组成中所占的比例较高,分别达21.07%、19.59%、7.35%、13.58%和12.99%.在10 mg·mL~(-1)质量浓度下,雌虫对β-石竹烯的EAG反应显著高于其他供试气味物质,雄虫对乙酸乙酯和α-蒎烯的EAG反应最为强烈,雄虫对α-蒎烯和乙酸乙酯的EAG反应显著高于雌虫;雌虫对β-石竹烯和2-甲基丁酸-顺-3-己烯酯的EAG反应显著高于雄虫.本试验在黄斑星天牛成虫感受信息化学物质的角度分析了成虫偏好五角枫的原因,对利用化学生态手段调控该虫的危害具有一定的理论指导意义.     

Influence of location-dependent protuberance damage on cell viability

The influence of femtosecond laser-induced damages on viability of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is investigated. Several cytokinetic processes including cellular damage, recovery and death are discussed. Using femtosecond laser with the power of 100 μW and cutting speed of 2 μm/s, we cut the cellular protuberance with smaller diameter twice in different locations, and then observe the viability of the damaged cells. Under the same conditions, the root of protuberance with larger diameter is cut six times to observe changes of cellular shape. Whether the damage is located in the end, middle or root of protuberance with smaller diameter, the cell viability can recover within 3 h. When the damage is located in the root of protuberance with larger diameter, the damaged cell will die in the way of oncosis. Cytokinetic phenomena including intracellular high Ca²⁺ concentration, cellular morphologic change, recovery and oncosis are discussed. Meanwhile, high Ca²⁺ concentration is observed after femtosecond laser surgery. Therefore, femtosecond laser surgery is an important tool for establishing cell damage model and studying cytokinetics. Supported by National High Technology Research & Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA04Z307), Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China (Grant No. 2006039), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50775104), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK2006507) and Jiangsu Provincial Research Innovation Program for College Graduates (Grant No. CX07B_086z)     

青海细叶百合鳞片诱导培养基筛选

选择青海省贵德县驯化3年以上的细叶百合鳞片做外植体,以MS作为基本培养基,采用2因素NAA(0、0.3、0.6、1.0 mg/L)、6-BA(0、0.5、1.0、1.5 mg/L)4水平随机区组设计,进行细叶百合鳞片不同激素浓度诱导分化培养基筛选试验。结果表明:MS+NAA0.3 mg/L+6-BA0.5 mg/L为细叶百合愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基;MS+NAA1.0mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L可为细叶百合生根的适宜培养基。     

Signaling in the Chemosensory Systems

The mammalian olfactory system is not uniformly organized but consists of several subsystems each of which probably serves distinct functions. Not only are the two major nasal chemosensory systems, the vomeronasal organ and the main olfactory epithelium, structurally and functionally separate entities, but the latter is further subcompartimentalized into overlapping expression zones and projection-related subzones. Moreover, the populations of ‘OR37’ neurons not only express a unique type of olfactory receptors but also are segregated in a cluster-like manner and generally project to only one receptor-specific glomerulus. The septal organ is an island of sensory epithelium on the nasal septum positioned at the nasoplatine duct; it is considered as a ‘mini-nose’ with dual function. A specific chemosensory function of the most recently discovered subsystem, the so-called Grueneberg ganglion, is based on the expression of olfactory marker protein and the axonal projections to defined glomeruli within the olfactory bulb. This complexity of distinct olfactory subsystems may be one of the features determining the enormous chemosensory capacity of the sense of smell.     

食用百合卷丹离体培养再生体系的建立

选取食用百合卷丹的鳞片作为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,添加6-BA和NAA的不同植物激素组合,分组进行不定芽诱导、继代增殖和诱导生根培养。结果表明,鳞茎的中层鳞片具有较强的不定芽分化能力,6-BA 0.5mg/L＋NAA 0.1mg/L的激素组合适宜于鳞片的不定芽分化和继代增殖,而最利于诱导生根的激素组合为NAA 1.0mg/L＋6-BA 0.1mg/L。组培苗经过60天左右培养可在培养基中直接产生小鳞茎。     

嗅觉神经系统的电位发放

利用描述抑制结构的WLC模型,数值分析嗅觉神经系统各个神经元的电位发放,得到嗅觉神经系统中球周细胞层、嗅球、僧帽细胞层、颗粒细胞层、前嗅核和前梨状皮层内各个神经元的电位发放,模拟了Freeman嗅觉系统各K系列模型的电位发放模式,数值说明僧帽细胞具有丰富的发放形式,神经元之间的具有两种信号传递模式,数值结果和嗅觉实验现象相吻合.     

Progress in bionic information processing techniques for an electronic nose based on olfactory models

As a novel bionic analytical technique, an electronic nose, inspired by the mechanism of the biological olfactory system and integrated with modern sensing technology, electronic technology and pattern recognition technology, has been widely used in many areas. Moreover, recent basic research findings in biological olfaction combined with computational neuroscience promote its development both in methodology and application. In this review, the basic information processing principle of biological olfaction and artificial olfaction are summarized and compared, and four olfactory models and their applications to electronic noses are presented. Finally, a chaotic olfactory neural network is detailed and the utilization of several biologically oriented learning rules and its spatiotemporal dynamic propties for electronic noses are discussed. The integration of various phenomena and their mechanisms for biological olfaction into an electronic nose context for information processing will not only make them more bionic, but also perform better than conventional methods. However, many problems still remain, which should be solved by further cooperation between theorists and engineers. Supported by the National Creative Research Groups Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60421002) and National Basic Research Programme of China (Grant No. 2004CB720302)     

蒸发式冷凝器空调系统的性能及应用

对基于蒸发式冷凝器的空调系统进行了性能测试,发现即使在相对湿度较大的运行环境下,空调系统的性能系数(COP)仍可达3.5左右;空气湿球温度对蒸发式冷凝器的排热性能影响明显,在测试范围内,当其它控制参数不变时,湿球温度每上升1℃,排热量下降5%左右.对蒸发式冷凝器及空调系统进行了变工况条件下的性能测试,结果表明随着冷负荷的降低,系统COP和冷凝器能效比均有所下降,但采用变风量的运行控制策略,系统性能系数可提高5%以上.通过与空冷式空调系统的比较分析,表明即使在夏热冬暖地区,基于蒸发式冷凝器的空调系统仍具有较好的应用前景.     

Axillary 5α-androst-16-en-3-one in men and women: Relationships with olfactory acuity to odorous 16-androstenes

Summary Axillary 5-androst-16-en-3-one (5-androstenone) levels were found to be significantly higher in men than in women but do not vary between left and right axillae, are not related to age, handedness or degree of hirsutism (in women) nor to anosmia to this steroid. In men (but not in women), levels are related linearly to axillary cholesterol concentrations but not to squalene. Olfactory thresholds for 5-androstenone varied widely, the lowest recorded being 0.2 ppb, but there was no difference in thresholds between men and women. Women (70%) found the smell repellant but anosmia did not differ greatly between men and women (9–20%). Anosmia to the smell of 5-androst-16-en-3-ol was most marked in women (90%) rather than in men (45%). Axillary 5-androstenone values were generally consistent with the musky or strong smells of male axillary extracts, compared with the sweet smell of those from female subjects.Supported by the Herbert Dunhill Trust.     

采油菌发酵工艺改进初探

简述了国内采油菌发酵工艺现状及存在的问题,详细介绍了新工艺流程及改进部分,验证试验证实了新工艺的节能效果。