负载型Ni-B/SiO2非晶态催化剂应用于菜籽油选择加氢的研究

研究了负载型Ni-B/SiO2非晶态合金催化剂对菜籽油的选择性加氢性能,考察了反应温度、反应时间及催化剂浓度对反应的影响,确定了适合菜籽油氢化的工艺条件,并初步探讨了温度对生成反式酸的影响.     

冲击破煤过程中能量耗散的理论分析

介绍了能量在冲击式破煤过程中的产生、传递和耗散过程以及能量最终的分布范围;运用应力波的方法分析了应力波在煤体中传播过程,并得出能量在衰减过程中衰减率的计算方法;还分析了剥落厚度的计算方法,并得出正弦应力波在煤体中传播时的冲劈厚度和最大煤块尺寸的关系;根据冲击规律和能量的传递特征对能量的传递过程进行了分析,并求出冲击消耗能量和最小散逸能之间的关系,指出了要使煤块破碎必须满足冲击消耗能量要大于最小散逸能。     

火灾烟气浓度弥散过程中分岔与奇异性研究

结合某大型储油罐区的自然环境条件，建立了火灾烟气浓度及其随时空变化的数学模型；借助ALOFT-FT软件，揭示火灾烟气浓度弥散过程中的分岔和奇异性；利用三维多彩散点和三维矩阵技术对火灾烟气中CO，SO2和PM10的分岔和奇异性实现可视化，绘出了在下风向轴线上和地表上火灾烟气中CO，SO2和PM10浓度的弥散燕列图和弥散燕影图，为制定重大事故应急救援预案和火灾事故人员疏散提供科学的决策依据。     

煤与生物质共超临界水催化气化制氢的实验研究

在压力为20～25MPa、停留时间为15～30s、：NaOH添加量(质量分数)为0．1％、反应器外壁温度为650℃的条件下，对煤与生物质的模型化合物羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)在超临界水环境中的催化气化制氢性能进行了研究，探讨了物料浓度、压力以及停留时间对煤与CMC共气化制氢的影响．实验结果表明：煤与CMC二共超临界水催化气化制氢的主要气体产物是H2、CO2和CH4，H2的体积分数可高达60％以上；增加物料浓度、升高压力有利于提高产氢率，但延长停留时间不利于氢气的制取．     

The fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces: The origin of extractable materials of high molecular mass in blast furnace carryover dusts

The aim of the work was to investigate the fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces and the origin of extractable materials in blast furnace carryover dusts. Two sets of samples including injectant coal and the corresponding carryover dusts from a full sized blast furnace and a pilot scale rig have been examined. The samples were extracted using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent and the extracts studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The blast furnace carryover dust extracts contained high molecular weight carbonaceous material, of apparent mass corresponding to 10⁷?10⁸ u, by polystyrene calibration. In contrast, the feed coke and char prepared in a wire mesh reactor under high temperature conditions did not give any extractable material. Meanwhile, controlled combustion experiments in a high-pressure wire mesh reactor suggest that the extent of combustion of injectant coal in the blast furnace tuyeres and raceways is limited by time of exposure and very low oxygen concentration. It is thus likely that the extractable, soot-like material in the blast furnace dust originated in tars is released by the injectant coal. Our results suggest that the unburned tars were thermally altered during the upward path within the furnace, giving rise to the formation of heavy molecular weight (soot-like) materials.     

Influence of overpressure on coalbed methane reservoir in south Qinshui basin

In theory, from the high temperature and pressure during the coal generating gas to the present low temperature and pressure of coalbed methane reservoir, the accumulation of coalbed methane was from oversaturated to undersaturated. The gas content of the coalbed methane reservoir in the south Qinshui basin was 12-35.7 m3/t. According to the isotherm and measured gas content of No. 3 coal, the adsorbed gas content in some wells was highly saturated and oversaturated, which was hard to theoretically understand. In addition, there were no thermogenic and biogenic gases at the late stage in the south Qinshui basin. This article proposed that the overpressure was the main reason for the present high saturation of the coalbed methane reservoir. In early Cretaceous, the coalbed methane reservoir was characterized by overpressure and high saturation caused by gas generation from coal measure source rocks. In late Cretaceous, the coalbed methane reservoir was rapidly uplifted, and with the temperature and pressure decreasing, the pressure condition of adsorbed gas changed from overpressure to normal-under pressure, which resulted in the high saturation and gas content in the present coalbed methane reservoir.     

黑龙江省煤炭城市地质灾害及防治对策

论述了黑龙江省煤炭城市地质灾害的类型、成因及危害 ;并针对目前地质灾害现状提出了相应的防治对策 .     

陕西煤中硒的环境地球化学特征

研究了陕西的各成煤期煤中Se的含量、分布规律、赋存状态、采煤燃煤环境影响及燃煤Se脱除等环境地球化学问题.对Se含量及分布规律研究的结果表明,不同地区、不同成煤期煤中Se的含量有较大的差异,表现在随着成煤时代由老到新,煤化程度由高到低,煤中Se的含量减少;从南到北,煤中Se含量从高到低.赋存状态分析表明,煤中Se的含量与成煤环境、煤中S含量有着一定的对应关系,煤中S越高,尤其是黄铁矿硫的含量越高,煤中Se的含量也越大,说明在中、高S煤中,Se主要赋存于黄铁矿中,而在特低、低S煤中Se的赋存状态与有机质有关.燃烧实验表明,煤中Se会随着煤炭的开采和利用进入表生环境,从而对表生生态环境构成一定的影响,钙基固硫剂可抑制燃煤Se的排放.     

粉煤灰的理化性质及其资源化的现状与展望

粉煤灰是火力发电厂的主要废弃物，其产量大、占地多，易形成扬尘，并污染地下水，造成严重的环境问题。本文介绍了粉煤灰的物理化学性质及特点，及其国内外的资源化利用现状，并从工业建筑、农业利用和环境影响与污染治理的三个方面做了分析与探讨，最后对粉煤灰的未来利用发展作了展望。     

红豆蔻挥发油化学成分的GC/MS法分析

用水蒸气蒸馏法从红豆蔻中提取挥发油．采用不同类型的毛细管柱进行分析，找出最佳分析条件，用归一化法测定其百分含量，并用气相色谱-质谱法对化学成分进行鉴定．鉴定得到48个成分，占挥发油总成分的84％以上．