铁山港海洋环境资源的保护与利用建议

分析铁山港海洋环境的基本状况，认为人为因素造成港湾海域出现了负面效应；无序开发造成海岸自然环境侵蚀严重；过渡的浅海捕捞造成渔业资源种类和数量衰退。建议港湾环境资源保护工作首先要制定经济开发和资源利用总体规划，其次是加强法规实施力度。     

Movement of earth rotation and activities of atmosphere and ocean

The rotation of the earth, including the variation of the rotational rate and polar motion, represents the statement of the earth’s overall movement and interactions among the solid earth, atmosphere and ocean on a variety of space-time scales. They make the earth’s complex dynamical system under the conservation of angular momentum. The application and development of recent space geodetic techniques greatly promote the researches on the interactions between the earth rotation and the activities of atmosphere and ocean. This review will mainly report the progress in researches on the earth rotation and the activities of atmosphere and ocean as well as the air-sea interaction in the tropics, and prospect the direction for future theoretical investigations.     

Predicting the spread of nuclear radiation from the damaged Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant

Japan suffered a M9.0 earthquake and massive tsunami on March 11, 2011, which seriously damaged the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant and caused a nuclear crisis. The spread of nuclear radiation from the power plant through the atmosphere and ocean was predicted with a short-term climate forecasting model and an ocean circulation model under some idealized assumptions. If nuclear matter were leaked in the near-ground layer of 992 hPa, the climate model results show that the nuclear radiation would cover North America 10 days after the initial leakage, with the concentration at the forefront dramatically reduced to 10 millionths of the initial model concentration at the source. The radiation would span Europe in 15 days and cover much of the Northern Hemisphere in 30 days. If the initial leakage was assumed to occur in the layer 5000-m above the ground, the radiation would cover Europe in 10 days and cover much of the Northern Hemisphere in 15 days. Moreover, under the assumption that the nuclear matter leaked in the 10000-m layer, the radiation would affect much of China after 10 days. The ocean circulation model indicates that the nuclear material would be slowly transported northeast of Fukushima and reach 150°E in 50 days, and the nuclear debris in the ocean would be confined to a narrow band. Compared with the spread in the ocean, the area affected by leaked nuclear radiation in the atmosphere would be very large. Atmospheric monitors in North America and Europe will be helpful for estimating the effect in China of any leaked nuclear material.     

Phase transition in the subducted oceanic lithosphere and generation of the subduction zone magma

Two metamorphic processes, i.e. subsolidus dehydration and partial melting occurring in MORB, metasediments and peridotite of subducted oceanic lithosphere are discussed on the basis of available experimental work and phase equilibrium modeling. Phase diagrams of hydrous MORB show that in most cold subduction P-T （pressure-temperature） regimes a large portion of water in the basic layer has released below the onset of blueschist facies （〈 20 km）, and at a depth （60--70 km） of transition from lawsonite blueschist to lawsonite eclogite facies through glaucophane dehydration; only a smaller portion of water will escape from the slab through dehydration of lawsonite and chloritoid in the depth range suitable for arc magma formation; and a very small portion of water stored in lawsonite and phengite will fade into the deeper mantle. The role of amphibole for arc magma formation is still arguable. In cold subduction P-Tregimes, the dehydration of chlorite and talc in AI-poor metasediments, and chloritoid and carpholite in AI-rich metapelites at a depth around 80--100 km will make some con- tributions to the formation of arc magma. Comparatively, dehydration of serpentine in hydrated peri- dotite occurs at depths of 120--180 km, playing an important role in the arc magmatism. Subduction of oceanic crust along warm P-T regimes will cross the solidi at a depth over 80 km, resulting in partial melting under fluid-saturated and fluid-absent conditions in the metasediments involving biotite and phengite, and in the basic rocks involving epidote and amphibole. The melt compositions of the basic crust are adakitic at pressures 〈 3.0 GPa, but become peraluminous granitic at higher pressures.     

风、浪、流联合作用下系统系泊力的时域计算方法

为解决海洋工程中系泊系统在风、浪、流联合作用下系泊力的计算问题 ,在时域内建立了一种计算防风水鼓系泊系统系泊力的方法。在分析波浪荷载时 ,使用了设计波法和非线性 Stokes五阶波 ,并由经验公式求出了船舶的风、流作用力。由准静态方法计算了初始条件后 ,在忽略了锚链和水鼓动态效应对船舶运动的影响的条件下 ,求解了系泊力和船舶的运动时历。再由二维集中质量法建立了锚链和水鼓的数学模型 ,用 Houbolt方法求解了锚链和水鼓的运动方程 ,并对系泊力进行了修正。模拟计算结果与经验公式计算结果吻合较好 ,且模拟计算的时域特征表现突出 ,建立的时域计算方法可用于防风水鼓系泊系统的系泊力计算     

地壳板块的运动及其驱动力

分析了热力和离极力对地壳板块的作用.通过引入质心的概念,对两亿年以来板块的运动及其未来趋势进行了讨论,特别是对南极洲和印度板块的过去和未来,有较为新颖的认识.     

Haematozoans,mites and body condition in the oceanic island lizard Gallotia atlantica (Peters and Doria, 1882) (Reptilia: Lacertidae)

We studied relationships among blood haemogregarines (Apicomplexa), ectoparasitic mites (Ophyonissus; Acari: Trombiculidae) and an endemic lizard host (Gallotia atlantica, Lacertidae) on an oceanic islet (Alegranza, Canary Islands). We asked whether blood infection, mite load and body condition were related in lizard subpopulations at two contrasting habitats. Both haemogregarine prevalence (100%) and intensity of parasitism (>1) were strikingly higher than values found for congeneric lizards from the other Canary Islands. There were few differences between habitats in infection levels, suggesting low influence of habitat on parasite performance. Both mite prevalence and intensity were very high, though only prevalence differed between habitats (higher in the richest and climatically more sheltered site). Body condition in lizards did not differ significantly between habitats. We found no association among blood parasite load, mite infection and lizard body condition. Results are discussed in the context of parasite‐host relationships on small islands as compared to larger areas such as continents.     

Excitation of seasonal polar motion by atmospheric and oceanic angular momentums

A quantitative study on the seasonal polar motion excitated by the atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) and the oceanic angular momentum (0AM) has been carried out using numerical models. The results show that for the prograde and retrograde components of the seasonal polar motion (the annual polar motion and the semiannual polar motion) , the sum of excitations by both the AAM and the 0AM is closer to the observed results rather than that of the AAM only. This reflects a significant contribution of the 0AM to the seasonal polar motion.     

News from a small island – first record of a freshwater shrimp (Decapoda,Atyidae, Caridina) from Peleng,Banggai Islands,Indonesia

The Indonesian island Sulawesi is well known for its fascinating fauna. Among the atyid and palaemonid freshwater shrimps described from Sulawesi are also a number of endemic species. In contrast, freshwater shrimps have never been reported from the nearby and smaller Peleng Island. Here we describe Caridina thomasi sp. nov. as a first record of an atyid freshwater shrimp from Peleng and compare it with atyids from Sulawesi and other localities. The new species is probably endemic to the island and shows some characters never described in the genus Caridina before. However, a molecular phylogeny of atyid shrimps from the Indo‐West Pacific based on mitochondrial DNA (16S) places C. thomasi within a clade of typical species of Caridina. We tentatively assign the new species to the genus Caridina and discuss the possibility of future changes in the classification of species in this genus.