海域天然气水合物开采的4C-OBC时移地震动态监测模拟

为了掌控海域天然气水合物开采过程中的地质和环境风险,采用能够同时采集纵波信号和横波信号,并且满足实时性和长期性要求的四分量海底震缆(4C-OBC)技术,对天然气水合物储层进行时移地震动态监测.针对未来天然气水合物商业化开发时的水平井环境,通过射线追踪方法进行正演模拟,对地层模型进行地震照明分析,得到合理的4C-OBC布...     

海洋环流模式研究回顾与展望

大洋环流的强度变化,对区域乃至全球气候有重要影响.综述了在过去50年中,海洋模式的发展.经过了几代人的开发,国内外全球大洋环流模式、近海和区域环流模式都有了很大改进,能较好地模拟大洋海面温度和高度的分布、海流分布以及El Nino和La Nina的演变过程等.但是,由于观测资料的短缺,数值模式开发还不够完善,海洋边界流的模拟仍不够好.有些探索是基于压力坐标的、非Boussinesq近似的海洋环流模式;将海洋模式的开边界以余流和潮流合成给出,能保证整个计算区域内水量进出的平衡;摒弃刚盖模型,用自由表面模型取而代之,以及借助海洋资料同化系统,开发海气耦合模式,都是海洋环流模式的发展方向.众多研究认为,不断改进和完善动力框架和各种差分格式的设计将有助于提高海洋环流模式的模拟能力.     

CBERS-02IRMSS热红外数据及UTAE算法在城市热岛研究中的应用

文中使用城市热异常信息提取算法(urban thermal anomaly extraction,UTAE)提取城市热岛信息.该算法使用不同大小的滑动窗口来探测整幅图像,根据稳健估计的方法设定地表温度高于全部像元以及窗口内像元温度统计均值加标准差的像元为热异常像元,并将滑动窗口的范围设置在3×3至9×9个像元之间,根据像元被记为热岛像元的次数是否为0来区别热岛区与非热岛区,在热岛区域内根据次数的多少来决定热岛强度,具有动态阈值的特点和无偏特性.研究结果表明,在城市热岛范围的提取上,2004年2月13日长沙市热岛面积在27.21—33.98km2之间;在城市热岛强度和尺度效应分析上,宏观尺度的研究应选用较大的窗口来体现城—郊热岛关系以及热岛发展的总体趋势,而小窗口在微观分析城区内热岛的具体分布、与下垫面的关系以及驱动因子方面较有优势.最后,对UTAE算法在中巴地球资源卫星后继星数据上的应用做出了展望.     

中国方胸蛛属1新纪录种及其雌性新发现(蜘蛛目:跳蛛科)

记述采自中国海南琼中黎母山主峰的跳蛛科1新纪录种:腹方胸蛛Thiania abdominalis Zabka,1985,其雌性系首次发现.描述了方胸蛛属Thiania C.L.Koch,1846的特征.标本保存在河北大学博物馆.文中测量单位为mm.     

浙江头门港岛陆一体化的运行机理与实现路径

岛陆一体化作为在海洋开发建设过程中形成的一种战略构想，为陆域与岛屿经济的联动发展提供了一个资源内聚与开放发展的大平台，能够实现区域经济的高效增长，也是海洋经济发展方式的有效探索。它从统筹陆域资源与海岛资源的角度出发，一方面发挥陆域经济的带动力与辐射力，另一方面，充分发挥海岛的自然区位优势，沿岛、沿海布局港口码头，通过构建完善的集疏运网络为核心经济区发展服务。头门港岛陆一体化将岛陆一体化由战略构想转变为实践行动，充分发挥岛陆一体化的集聚效应与联动效应，在岛陆互为联动的体系下形成有机统一的发展综合体，为沿海地区海岛开发与发展岛陆一体化经济积累了实践经验。     

Psocoptera (Insecta) from Bermuda

Seventeen species of Psocoptera are recorded from Bermuda, increasing the known number from three. Four new species are described: Echmepteryx atlantica n. sp., Caecilius bermudensis n. sp., Indiopsocus hilburni n. sp., and I. nebulosus n. sp. The latter two species appear to be closely related and two alternative hypotheses are proposed for their origin. Ectopsocus spilotus Thornton and Wong is recorded outside the central Pacific area for the first time. The species are assigned to four categories according to probable duration of time on Bermuda and probable source of original invaders: (1) endemics (four species); (2) species with wide distributions in the tropics and subtropics, not restricted to islands and sea coasts (four species); (3) species largely restricted to sea coasts and islands, not necessarily tropical (three species); (4) species widely distributed in southeastern United States, not restricted to the sea coast or the subtropical region (five species).     

Effects of fragmentation on genetic variation in populations of the terrestrial earthworm Drawida japonica Michaelsen, 1892 (Oligochaeta,Moniligastridae) in Shandong and Liaodong peninsulas,China

Earthworms are excellent indicators of landscape fragmentation due to their widespread distribution and poor dispersal abilities over water. Based on field studies conducted in the Shandong and Liaodong peninsulas and their associated islands during summer 2009, we analysed the genetic variation of Drawida japonica Michaelsen, 1892 (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae) using DNA sequences of the 16S and 28S ribosomal genes in samples obtained from 13 localities, 12 of which were islands, one artificially connected to the mainland by man (Yangma SC). We identified 55 haplotypes among 79 samples, based on 1094 bp, including 47 unique haplotypes. The phylogenetic tree topologies showed two distinct clades. A multiple-apex Poisson distribution using a mismatch analysis of nucleotides was also detected. Results of a Tajima D neutral test were not significant (p > 0.05). Genetic divergence among populations was much larger than within populations. A positive relationship between genetic diversity and island area was revealed, but no significant correlation between genetic diversity and distance to the nearest larger landmass was found. These results indicate that the intraspecific genetic diversity of D. japonica has been influenced by geographic isolation (i.e. island habitat). Passive transport via anthropogenic activities or nonhuman vertebrates (birds or mammals) may also play a key role in dispersal.     

Use of morphological and molecular data to identify three new sibling species of the genus Munida Leach, 1820 (Crustacea,Decapoda, Galatheidae) from New Caledonia

Three cryptic species of the genus Munida from New Caledonia, previously identified as M. tuberculata Henderson, , M. notata Macpherson, and M. clinata Macpherson, , are described and illustrated. The three species are identified by subtle and constant morphological characters, which match clear differences in molecular sequences (16S rDNA and COI genes). The results also confirm the importance of several of these characters (e.g. length of the antennular and antennal spines) in the taxonomy of the genus Munida.     

上海近数十年城市发展对气候的影响

本文通过对上海市气象台(位于市区龙华)近数十年气侯资料前后时期的历史分析,并与同时期郊县气候记录对比,滤去区域气候因素的影响,结合上海城市发展的特征,发现由于城市人口密度、建筑物密度和能源消耗量等的快速增长,导致上海城市气侯发生一定程度的变化。其最突出的表现是:城市热岛效应效著,城乡气温差别逐渐增大;域区风速和湿度渐次减小;雾日数和晴天日数减少,低云量和阴天日数增多;太阳直接辐射和总辐射减少,散射辐射和混浊因子加大。观测实践证明:上海“城市发展”这个人为因素对当地气候确实具有明显的影响。     

平顶山煤田山西组沉积体系与聚煤模式

讨论了河南平顶山煤田山西组的沉积体系和聚煤模式。文中提出山西组下段形成于碎屑障壁海岸环境,山西组上段为三角洲沉积体系的进积部分。已组煤形成于障壁海岸沉积体系的上部,其发育过程明显受到基底沉积环境的控制。已组煤的聚煤作用特征是沉积基底地形高差、压实沉降率与泥炭堆积速率之间的平衡关系随海平面变化而变化。己组煤发育的气候条件可能属热带背景。