Developing the methodology of TSI: From the oblique use of methods to creative design

During the last 13 years, a dialogue has been conducted in the Critical Systems literature on the subject of choice betwen methods. However, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, researchers went in two separate directions. One direction involved an exploration of the “creative design of methods.” This is when the problem situation is understood in terms of a series of systemically interrelated research questions, each of which might need to be addressed using a different method, or part of a method. A synthesis is generated that allows each individual research question to be addressed as part of a whole system of questions. The other research direction involved the development of “Total Systems Intervention” (TSI), a meta-methodology that, amongst other things, encourages the creative exploration of the problem situation prior to the choice of methods. One of the latest innovations in TSI is a theory of the “oblique” use of methods. This is the use of methods for purposes other than those they were originally designed for. However, it is argued here that all the case studies that have been subject to an “oblique” interpretation can be better explained if they are seen as examples of the creative design of methods. We can therefore bring together the two strands of research that have hitherto been pursued separately in the Critical Systems literature. it is suggested that TSI can be enhanced by an understanding of the creative design of methods because the latter allows us to explain the purposive, flexible, and responsive way in which TSI is most successfully used in practice.     

Spatial discretization error in an artificial benchmark model of oblique laser incidence by finite volume approximation for radiative heat transfer

The spatial discretization error in a finite volume method approximation for radiative heat transfer is investigated. An artificial benchmark model for oblique laser incidence on a two-dimensional rectangle containing a semi-transparent medium is proposed, in addition to using reference data from the Monte Carlo method. Within the framework of the current model, it is shown that numerical scattering in the finite volume method is affected by the spatial grid values and the different spatial discretization schemes to a large degree. Numerical scattering also varies with the degree of absorption coefficient deviation. Numerical scattering is distributed in a symmetrical profile along the laser incidence direction, and all of the schemes show symmetrical cross-scattering.     

棋盘中的斜正方形个数的计数公式

本文研究棋盘中的斜正方形的个数问题,得出了n×n棋盘中的斜正方形个数的计数公式,由此推广至任意m×n棋盘中的斜正方形个数的计数公式。     

薄面板复合材料蜂窝夹层结构冲击穿透试验与失效机理

为研究薄面板复合材料蜂窝夹层结构冲击穿透损伤的失效机理,对具有3层平面编织复合材料面板的蜂窝夹层板试验件进行了多种能量的冲击试验.并在考虑了面板材料的渐进失效以及面内剪切非线性应力应变关系基础上,运用LS-DYNA有限元分析软件建立了夹层板的数值模型,用以分析失效过程.结果 表明,数值模拟结果与试验结果一致.上面板穿透或整体贯穿时面板均呈花瓣状裂开,前者蜂窝以压溃损伤为主,后者则额外产生蜂窝芯体与下面板间的界面脱粘以及蜂窝壁的断裂损伤.无面板穿透时,冲击接触力将保持纤维断裂损伤阈值力大小直至冲头回弹;面板穿透则使冲击区域刚度下降,接触力随之下降,其中板整体贯穿时接触力会出现两个峰值.薄面板复合材料蜂窝夹层结构冲击穿透过程中的主要能量耗散在复合材料面板的纤维拉伸断裂,蜂窝的压溃和断裂过程也消耗部分能量.     

基于盾构隧道斜交下穿的修正Peck公式法

在盾构隧道下穿导致的地表沉降计算中,通常需利用Peck公式理论计算盾构横断面的二维沉降.当盾构以斜交下穿时,盾构横断面不再平行于上部线路沿线方向,其沿线沉降的形式不符合正态分布,因此需要将Peck法推广到平面上任意一点的沉降计算中.综合考虑盾构坡角及隆起效应等影响因素,引入角度系数对Peck公式进行修正,使之可直接计算盾构斜交条件下地表平面上任一点的沉降,进而直接计算上部线路沿线沉降.通过有限元数值分析法进行验证,并在此基础上利用动力学仿真分析研究不同斜交角度所产生的不同沉降形式对脱轨系数及减载率的影响.     

斜角坐标系量化图形的数学基础研究

从制图需要出发,论述了斜角坐标系的构成原理、计算公式以及与直角坐标系之间的换算关系等数学基础．从制图应用角度,对斜角坐标网的变形进行了深入分析,从而为绘制量化图形时,正确选择轴角,设计合适的斜角坐标系提供依据,以达到图形直观易读、对比性强的特点     

斜置旋耕部件试验分析及耕作质量评价

本文在综合犁耕和旋耕之优点基础上,提出一种新的耕耘方式———斜置旋耕。研究表明：斜置旋耕碎土质量高于正置旋耕机,功耗低于正置旋耕机。斜置旋耕的提出突破了传统旋耕机刀辊与机组前进方向保持为垂直的正置旋耕概念,对我国的农业机械化发展具有重要的意义。     

四足机器人转向与斜向运动规划理论及方法

为实现四足机器人在平面上的稳定平顺的转向与斜向运动,提出了一种基于参数化坐标变换矩阵的规划方法. 通过D-H法建立了四足机器人的运动学模型,分别求得机器人机体坐标系在两种运动中的参数化坐标变换矩阵,并通过参数的调整来完成机器人运动的规划. 最后对四足机器人在平面上的转向与斜向运动进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,该方法能够实现四足机器人在平面上的连续、平稳的转向与斜向运动.      

广义酉矩阵和广义(斜)Hermite矩阵的约当标准形

文章给出了P-内积的定义,利用P-内积的概念详细讨论了广义酉矩阵和广义(斜)Hermite矩阵的特征值以及广义特征向量的各种性质,并且利用这些性质解决了广义酉矩阵和广义(斜)Hermite矩阵的约当标准形。