映山红有毒成分及其对小鼠毒性的研究

从映山红枝叶中分离出五种毒素(A、B、C、E、F)。试验表明,毒素 C、E、F 均可引起小鼠急性中毒和死亡,主要症状为呼吸困难、肌肉麻痹和食欲废绝;其中以毒素 C的毒性最强,经薄层层析、红外光谱、氢核磁共振谱和质谱分析鉴定为木藜芦毒素 I。     

Increased incidence of unpartnered single chromatids in metaphase II oocytes in 39,X(XO) mice

Since rare cases of sex chromosome anomalies such as XXX and XXY were observed in the offspring of our XO breeder mice, we performed a cytogenetic analysis of metaphase II oocytes of XO mice to determine whether any changes in chromosomal configurations occur. We found a significantly increased incidence of unpartnered single chromatids in metaphase II oocytes of XO mice. Such single chromatids may contribute to embryonic aneuploidy. In addition, the tendency of the X-chromosome to segregate non-randomly to the oocyte rather than to the polar body was confirmed.     

Retroviruses released from a human tumor xenograft in nude mice induce colony-stimulating factor (CSF) activity in human fibroblastic cells

Summary A human colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-producing tumor transplanted into athymic nude mice released retroviruses in vitro. The viruses induced CSF activity in human fibroblastic cell lines.     

Teratogenic interactions between cadmium and radiation in mice

Summary Mouse embryos were exposed to various doses of cadmium and/or X-rays on day 8 of gestation. The combined treatment exerted an antagonistic effect regarding the teratogenic action of the two agents.     

Pigeon milk: A new source of growth factor

Crude, partially purified and purified fractions of pigeon milk injected subcutaneously in newborn mice brought about precocious opening of eyelids by 2–3 days and eruption of incisors by 3–4 days. The biological activity of pigeon milk-derived growth factor (PMGF) compared well with that of mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF).     

麻风杆菌多途径接种裸鼠的研究

用麻风杆菌经静脉内、后足垫和耳皮下多途径接种裸鼠。在裸鼠接种菌后307、334、497、和625天分别剖杀1—2只裸鼠,取接种足垫和耳部皮损、胭窝淋巴结、鼻、坐骨神经、尾部皮肤损害、舌、肝、脾、肺、肾和心脏称重后制成匀浆,作菌计数。同时各取部分组织作组织病理学检查。实验结果表明,裸鼠经过多途径接种麻风杆菌后,其菌量增殖明显高于以往报告的单途径接种方法所取得的结果。尤其在接种部位的后足垫及耳部,最高菌量分别达到2.85×10~11/g(497天)和6.28×10~12/g(625天)。虽然麻风杆菌的世代时间近似,但对数生长期时间明显延长。结果也表明,多途径接种方法能使裸鼠发生更严重的病变和系统性播散。组织病理学检查表明,经抗酸染色的足垫组织切片中,在横纹肌、血管壁内皮细胞和血管中均可见到大量抗酸杆菌(AFB)及菌团,皮神经束膜内外和雪旺氏细胞中也找到了许多AFB。最终在整个足垫组织中充满了AFB。HE染色呈瘤型麻风进行性病变,肉芽肿浸润由含大量AFB的泡沫细胞和巨噬细胞构成,直至泡沫细胞组成的麻风瘤病变完全代替了正常结构。各个部位相比较,低体温部位如足垫、耳、鼻及尾部仍然是麻风菌繁殖的优势部位。横纹肌及外周神经是麻风菌好侵犯之处,也显示了麻风菌在裸鼠体内感染的特点。     

影响实验小鼠肠道菌群的多因素比较研究

目的比较研究影响实验小鼠肠道菌群的六种主要因素,为动物实验的设计和实验结果的解释提供参考,为肠道微生态菌群结构的干预与调控提供借鉴。方法采用珠磨法和酚-氯仿-异戊醇法提取肠道内容物中细菌基因组DNA,然后用16S rDNA V3区通用引物进行PCR扩增,扩增产物经DGGE电泳后用电泳条带数字化软件Quantity One和统计学软件SPSS对影响肠道菌群的六种因素(年龄、品种、饲养环境、饲料、个体差异和性别差异)进行比较研究。结果 Dice相关系数和主成分分析显示,年龄因素在早期(7和14日龄)对肠道菌群影响较大,到28日龄后,菌群结构趋向稳定,饲料和饲养环境成为主要的影响因素。品种和个体差异对肠道菌群也存在较大的影响,但性别差异影响相对较小,存在一定的随机性。结论以上六种因素均能在一定程度上影响肠道菌群,但其影响程度存在差异,在动物实验设计和实验结果解释时应充分考虑避免或利用这些影响因素。