基于最小Gibbs自由能原理的铁氧化物气固还原热力学研究

基于最小Gibbs自由能原理建立了铁氧化物气固还原反应的热力学模型,由模型计算结果作出铁氧化物气固还原反应平衡图,与文献中实验数据吻合良好.与常用冶金学教材和热力学数据库中给出的参考数据进行了对比,不同来源的热力学数据差异较大.探究了铁氧化物逐级还原的热力学平衡情况.计算了CO和H2混合气体还原铁氧化物的热力学平衡,推导了平衡时气体总利用率η总 的计算公式,作出了CO和H2混合气体还原铁氧化物的三维平衡图,并与文献中实验数据对比,验证了结果的正确性.     

酸性媒介黄GG与［Coen_2（OH）（OH_2）］~（2＋）的取代反应动力学及反应机理

用分光光度法研究ｃｉｓ－［Ｃｏｅｎ２（ＯＨ）（ＯＨ）２］（ＣｌＯ４）２（ｅｎ为乙二胺）与酸性媒介黄ＧＧ染料（２－羟基－５－［（４－苯磺酸基）偶氮基］苯甲酸）的取代反应动力学．用ｐＨ电位滴定法测定了［Ｃｏｅｎ２（ＯＨ）２］＋、［Ｃｏｅｎ２（ＯＨ）（ＯＨ２）］２＋６０℃时的加质子反应平衡常数．用分光光度法测得６０℃时染料的酸解离常数．６０℃离子强度为０．１ｍｏｌ／ｋｇＮａＣｌＯ４时，各络合质点与染料的反应活性顺序为［Ｃｏｅｎ２（ＯＨ）（ＯＨ２）］２＋＞［Ｃｏｅｎ２（ＯＨ）２］＋＞［Ｃｏｅｎ２（ＯＨ２）２］３＋．由表观速率常数ｋｏｂｓ与Ｃｏ（Ⅲ）络合物浓度的关系及反应活化参数西ΔＨ、ΔＳ可见，该取代反应是按ＳＮ２缔合机理进行的．     

输血相关不良反应发生特点及相关因素分析

目的探讨输血相关不良反应发生特点及相关因素.方法选取输血患者9 264例,分析其中出现输血不良反应患者的输血类型、临床特点、相关影响因素.结果本次研究的9 264例输血患者中,出现输血反应49例,发生率为0.529%,其中无溶血反应.过敏反应发生例数为37例,占总输血患者的75.51%,发热反应12例.对血浆、红细胞悬液、血小板、冷沉淀这4种常见的血液成分的输血反应发生率之间差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05).其中血小板组输血反应发生率明显高于血浆、红细胞悬液、冷沉淀组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).年龄18岁的未成年组输血反应发生率明显高于年龄≥18岁的成年组,有输血史、过敏史组输血反应发生率明显高于无输血史、过敏史组,以上差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05).儿童血液病区组输血反应发生率明显高于血液科,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).使用白细胞滤器输注红细胞的患者中发热反应的发生率明显降低.结论对于输注血小板、有输血史或过敏史、未成年或血液病区的患者应更加警惕输血不良反应,可积极采用滤除白细胞过滤器,以减少不良反应的发生率.     

多层及高层房屋扭转耦联弹塑性地震反应的研究

简要介绍简化的空间模型弹塑性时程分析程序ＺＺＣ的编制原理,当楼板刚性时该空间模型可以退化为串联刚片系模型,应用该程序对均匀偏心结构和人有某层偏心的 局部偏心的结构从静力偏心距、基本平均频率、平扭频率比三个方面进行多层及高层房屋弹塑性平扭耦联地震反应的特性以及结构各构件的强度分布的要求等问题进行研究,得到了较好了的结果。     

8-Membered-ring Transition States of Water Assisted Reactions in Sub-and Super-critical Water

1 Results Sub-and super-critical water is an attractive reaction medium for organic transformation because of their unique properties such as low viscosity,high density,low polarity,high solubility to organic compounds,and,of course,the greenness of the medium[1-3]. We report herein some unique reactions of unsaturated compounds in sub-and super-critical water.When allylbenzene was treated in supercritical water (SCW: 380 ℃,10 min,water density=0.35 g/mL),double bond migrated to give a mixture of allylb...     

Solid-Liquid State Bonding of Si3N4 Ceramics with Ceramic-Modified Brazing Alloy

Solid-liquid state bonding of Si3N4 ceramics with TiN-modified Ag-Cu-Ti brazing alloy was used to enhance joint strength. The effects of the TiN particles on the microstructures, interfacial reactions, and room-temperature properties of the joints were investigated. The results show that the TiN particles are generally well dispersed in the Ag-Cu eutectic base and the interface between them is both clean and compact. Changes in the TiN volume fractions from 0 to 20% exert no noticeable effect on the interfacial reaction between Ag-Cu-Ti and the substrates. Other bonding parameters being constant, the TiN volume fraction in the filler material plays a key role in the joint properties. For TiN volume fractions below 20%, the joints are reinforced, especially joints with 5% and 20% TiN. The average shearing strength of joints with 5% TiN is 200.8 MPa, 30% higher than that of joints with no TiN (154.1 MPa). However, for TiN volumes fractions above 20%, the joint strengths decrease.     

蚜虫警戒素及其类似物合成研究(Ⅱ)——2—乙基—6,10—二甲基—1,5,9—十一碳三烯的立体专一性合成

以CuI催化的2—丙炔溴化镁对香叶基溴进行偶联反应合成6,10—二甲基—5,9—十一碳二烯—1—炔及6,10—二甲基—1,2,5,9—十一碳四烯,然后用Etcu对其进行立体专一性末端炔烃的烯铜化反应,水解即得到具有特定构型的蚜虫警戒素类似物——2—乙基—6,10—二甲基—1,5,9—十一碳三烯。     

Modern thermodynamics -- New concepts based on the second law of thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is a core part of science. Nearly all scientists should have a basic knowledge of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics is a science of development, and is a viewpoint of scientific development in natural sciences. Achievement of thermodynamics has influence not only on natural sciences, but also on social sciences and philosophy. Fundamental concepts and definitions are very important for any discipline of science, so what is classical thermodynamics and what is modern thermodynamics have become the key points of puzzledom in thermodynamics. In this paper, after clarification of fundamental concept in thermodynamics, a complete basic modern classification of thermodynamics is naturally obtained. It is suggested that extended Carnot theorem and dissipation decrease theorem, together with the laws of thermodynamics, are the most fundamental theorems in thermodynamics discipline. Nondissipative thermodynamics is a new field besides equilibrium thermodynamics belonging to the equal part of the second law of thermodynamics.     

石墨催化的有机化学反应

从合成化学角度，按反应类型综述了石墨催化剂在有机化学中应用研究进展，引用文献３０篇。石墨催化有机反应条件温和，选择性高，在催化合成领域有广阔的应用前景。