中药诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的研究进展

通过综述近几年来关于中药诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的文献,综合分析了人参皂甙、紫杉醇、氧化砷、苦参碱等多种抗肿瘤中药以及合剂对肝癌细胞凋亡的影响,认为中药诱导肝癌细胞凋亡主要是通过影响肝癌细胞周期,抑制癌发生相关基因的表达以及端粒酶活性来达到防癌和抗癌的目的.某些中药诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的途径有可能是偏向其中某一种,而某些中药诱导凋亡也很有可能是多种途径共同作用的结果.     

Kank proteins: structure, functions and diseases

The Kank family of proteins, Kank1–Kank4, are characterized by their unique structure, coiled-coil motifs in the N-terminal region, and ankyrin-repeats in the C-terminal region, with an additional motif, the KN motif, at the N-terminus. Kank1 was obtained by positional cloning of a tumor suppressor gene in renal cell carcinoma, while the other members were found by homology search. The family is involved in the regulation of actin polymerization and cell motility through signaling pathways containing PI3K/Akt and/or unidentified modulators/effectors. Their relationship to diseases such as cancer, and to neuronal and developmental disorders, will be an important subject of future study.     

CDK16在食管鳞癌中的表达及其对肿瘤发生发展的影响

目的研究发现,细胞周期素依赖性激酶(cyclin dependent kinases,CDKs)家族成员与食管鳞癌的发病密切相关,但细胞周期素依赖性激酶16(CDK16)对食管鳞癌发病的影响尚不清楚.本研究旨在探讨CDK16在人食管鳞癌组织中的表达及生物学意义.方法应用组织芯片技术结合免疫组织化学技术检测45例食管鳞癌组织、45例癌旁组织中CDK16蛋白的表达情况,并使用统计分析软件研究CDK16蛋白的表达与食管鳞癌临床病理特征之间的关系.结果 CDK16在食管鳞癌组织中呈阳性表达,且表达强度与肿瘤分化程度呈负相关.另外,CDK16在食管鳞癌细胞中的表达位置与肿瘤的分化程度紧密相关.CDK16的表达与食管鳞癌的分化程度、淋巴结转移及TNM临床分期均具有显著的相关性(P<0.05),而与患者的年龄、性别以及肿瘤的部位、最大径、病理形态没有显著的相关性(P>0.05).结论 CDK16在食管鳞癌中的高表达与食管鳞癌的发生发展及转移密切相关.检测CDK16的表达有助于食管鳞癌的临床诊断和预后评估.     

维药异常黑胆质成熟剂对人肝癌HepG2细胞生物行为和Rho/ROCK信号通路的影响

 为探讨维药异常黑胆质成熟剂(ASM)对人肝癌细胞(HepG2)增殖、侵袭转移的影响及Rho/ROCK 信号传导通路相关蛋白表达影响,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MMT)法检测不同浓度ASM(10、20、25、50 mg/mL)和10 μmol/L Y-27632 作用24、48、72 h后,对HepG2 细胞增殖的影响;采用扫描电镜技术和细胞侵袭实验测定ASM 不同剂量组和10 μmol/L Y-27632 作用24 h 癌细胞侵袭运动能力,Western Blot 检测ASM 不同剂量组和10 μmol/L Y-27632 作用24 h 癌细胞RhoA、ROCK1、ROCK2 的表达。结果显示,ASM 对肝癌细胞增殖有明显抑制作用,且表现为有明显的剂量效应关系:在10、20 mg/mL ASM 剂量组,ASM 药物作用24、48、72 h 后,HepG2 细胞增殖抑制作用随时间的延长而抑制增加,而25、50 mg/mL 剂量组,ASM 抑制细胞增殖作用不明显;ASM 抑制瘤细胞侵袭运动能力,扫描电镜结果显示ASM 抑制肿瘤细胞伪足的生长,ASM 中高剂量组ROCK1、ROCK2 的表达明显降低,RhoA 表达无明显变化。由此推论,ASM 对人肝癌细胞生长增殖和侵袭运动能力有抑制作用,其机制可能与ROCK酶表达降低有关。     

Advanced primary peritoneal carcinoma: clinicopathological and prognostic factor analyses

Objective： To investigate the factors favoring a positive prognosis for advanced primary peritoneal carcinoma （PPC）. Methods： Twenty-four cases meeting the criteria for PPC were analyzed retrospectively for the clinicopathologic profiles. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expressions of p53, Top2α, Ki-67 and Her-2/neu. Then all these clinicopathological factors and molecular markers were correlated with the prognosis. Results： There were 15 cases of primary peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma （PPSPC）, 6 cases of mixed epithelial carcinoma （MEC） and 3 cases of malignant mixed Mullerian tumor （MMMT）. All patients underwent cytoreductive surgery with optimal debulking achieved in 3 cases. Among those receiving first-line chemotherapy, 13 patients received the TP regimen （paclitaxel-cisplatin or carboplatin） and 7 patients received the PAC regimen （cisplatin-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide）. The median overall survival of all patients was 42 months, while the breakdown for survival time for patients with PPSPC, MMT and MEC was 44, 13 and 19 months, respectively. The expressions of p53, Top2α and Ki-67 were all demonstrated in 11 cases respectively. None showed the expression of Her-2/neu. There were significant differences in the median survival between patients with PPSPC and those with MMMT （44 months vs 13 months, P〈0.05）, also between patients receiving TP combination and those receiving the PAC regimen （75 months vs 28 months, P〈0.05）. Another significant difference in the median progression-free survival （PFS） was identified between patients with positive p53 immunostaining and those with negative p53 immunostaining （15 months vs 47 months, P〈0.05）, whereas age, menopausal status, residual tumor size and the other molecular factors did not significantly impact survival. Conclusion： Patients with PPC should be treated with a comprehensive management plan including appropriate cytoreductive surgery and responsive chemotherapy. Overestimating an o     

Cloning of a novel gene associated with human nasopharyngeal carcinoma

One EST N27741 with high expression in normal adult nasopharynx tissues but low expression in adult poorly differentiated squamous nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been selected out by the high-density cDNA array expression profiling technique. The differential expression has been confirmed by RT-PCR. One novel gene of 1096 bp has been cloned based on this EST. Bioinformatics analysis found that the new gene sequence contains a whole reading frame encoding 256 amino acids. There is a stop codon TAA in front of the 5′ end start codon, and a tailing signal AATAAA and poly A tail at the 3′ end. There is no homologous known gene found after searching by blasting this sequence to non-redundancy nucleotide database. Therefore it is considered a novel gene related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

肺癌影像学表现与erbB－2、bcl－2表达相关性的初步观察

为了从基因水平探讨肺癌影像学表现的分子生物学基础，利用免疫组化技术及计算机图象系统测定手术病理证实之３３例肺癌标本中癌基因ｅｒｂＢ－２，ｂｃｌ－２的表达水平，系统分析其表达水平与影像学表现的相关性。结果显示肺癌的某些影像学征象如肿块大小、三级支气管受累、胸膜受侵及肺门纵隔淋巴结转移均与其癌基因ｅｒｂＢ－２、ｂｃｌ－２的表达水平密切相关，而且这两类基因的表达对其影像学征象的影响呈现相互抑制的关系     

采用一种新的马尔可夫模型进行癌症医学图像分割

将数据驱动的蒙特卡罗型马尔可夫链(DDMCMC)这一新的马尔可夫模型运用于分割癌症医学图像.这一图像分割过程为:先将需要处理的空间分割成3层;创建平稳的马尔可夫链;采用数据驱动的方法运算得到启发式的信息;运用适合的数学原理来选取图像粒子.通过对比可知采用DDMCMC方法比采用其它算法在癌症医学图像分割方面更具有优点.     

争光霉素对亚硝胺诱发大鼠食管上皮癌变的抑制作用

长期输入为人体治疗用量20倍的争光霉素,没有引起大鼠正常的食管上皮细胞的形态改变,但对甲基苄基亚硝胺引起的增生及癌前病变(乳头状瘤)具有较为明显的抑制作用。争光霉素对癌的发生也有阻断作用。争光霉素引起的食管异常上皮的病理改变,主要表现为核固缩、核周空晕、核旁空泡、核碎裂等细胞的渐进性坏死和死亡。同时还看到上皮的液化灶与灶性的增生抑制区。重要的内脏器官除发现肾变性之外,其他未见异常。争光霉素对食管上皮的增生和癌前病变选择性的抑制与破坏作用,也为食管癌的予防性治疗提供一项有用的药物。争光霉素是我国自己生产的,与博莱霉素(Bleomycin)相类似的抗菌素,在临床上已证明对鳞状上皮癌,如皮肤癌与食管癌等有疗效。为了探索争光霉素能否阻断亚硝胺诱发食管鳞状上皮的癌变,特别是对增生与癌前病变有无抑制作用,我们进行了以下的试验。     

DF方案联合顺铂腹腔热灌注化疗治疗晚期胃癌的临床研究

 为观察和比较多西他赛周方案给药联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)和顺铂(DDP)静脉化疗与多西他赛(DOC)、5-氟尿嘧啶静脉给药联合顺铂腹腔热灌注,治疗晚期胃癌患者的初步疗效和副反应,将90 例晚期胃癌患者,随机分入多西他赛、5-氟尿嘧啶和顺铂静脉化疗组或多西他赛、5 氟尿嘧啶静脉化疗联合顺铂腹腔热灌注化疗组,静脉化疗组45 例,热灌注化疗组45 例.研究表明,静脉化疗组有效率为44.4%(20/45),热灌注化疗组为66.7%(30/45),其中完全缓解(CR)1 例,有统计学差异(P=0.038);临床受益反应(CBR)评估,静脉化疗组有效率为64.4%(29/45),热灌注化疗组为82.2%(37/45),差异有统计学意义(P=0.0458);两组副反应主要为骨髓抑制,胃肠道反应,神经毒性等,无统计学差异.多西他赛周方案、5-氟尿嘧啶联合顺铂腹腔热灌注化疗方案治疗晚期胃癌近期疗效优于单存静脉化疗,两组副反应相似,耐受性良好.