2011年秋季北黄海浮游植物群落

2011年11月21—25日在北黄海海域对32个站位进行了生物采样,应用Utermohl方法对调查海域的浮游植物群落进行了研究．经115个样品的分析,共发现浮游植物3门31属64种．调查区浮游植物群落主要由硅藻和甲藻组成,还有少量的金藻,物种以暖温性和广布性物种为主,主要优势种为：具槽帕拉藻、虹彩圆筛藻、三角角藻、斯氏几内亚藻、梭形角藻和旋链角毛藻等．本次调查浮游植物细胞丰度平均值为4．2×10^3个／L;硅藻占浮游植物细胞丰度的比例最大,平均值为3．6x10^3个／L;其次为甲藻,平均值为O．95×10^3个／L．调查海域浮游植物细胞丰度分布不均匀,辽宁南岸海域最高,山东近岸海域其次,北黄海中部海域最低．细胞丰度在水体中的垂直分布趋势为先降低后升高,其中底层的细胞丰度主要由具槽帕拉藻和虹彩圆筛藻贡献．从断面分布上看,细胞丰度高值多集中在受陆源输入影响明显的近岸海域．调查区浮游植物群落多样性指数和均匀度指数均在北黄海北部海域较高,在近岸海域较低．与历史资料的对比发现,近30年来北黄海浮游植物群落结构比较稳定．     

柴北缘鱼卡大煤沟组七段油页岩开发价值*

针对柴达木盆地鱼卡地区中侏罗统大煤沟组七段（J 2 d 7）油页岩,开展了以固体矿产形式的开发、综合利用的研究。通过野外实测剖面、钻井、地震资料、样品分析,对鱼卡凹陷油页岩形成的构造背景、沉积环境进行了探讨,并对鱼卡油页岩矿产进行资源经济技术评价,认为鱼卡地区油页岩品质好,储量大,具有很好的开发价值。对其进行勘探、开发,一方面可以改善柴达木盆地当前能源短缺的局面,另一方面通过循环利用,有利于促进柴达木地区的农牧业生产。借鉴中外多年来油页岩开发经验,结合柴达木地区的实际情况,提出了地上开采和原位开采相结合,以提取页岩油、燃烧发电、燃烧取暖为主,建筑材料、有机复合肥等循环经济为辅的开发方案。     

水稻整体原位杂交实验技术方法的改进

以检测水稻SUPERWOMAN1(SPW1)/OsMADS16基因的表达模式为例,通过对杂交探针的制备、材料的固定及解离通透、显色等方面进行优化,获得背景值低、特异性高的SPW1/OsMADS16基因特异性表达结果.建立一套针对水稻的整体原位杂交技术,方法简单,费用低廉,可在离心管中多种材料同时进行.主要实验步骤包括探...     

Deep structure at northern margin of Tarim Basin

In this paper, a 2D velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle of the northern margin of the Tarim Basin （TB） has been obtained by ray tracing and theoretical seismogram calculation under the condition of 2D lateral inhomogeneous medium using the data of seismic wide angle reflection/refraction profile from Baicheng to Da Qaidam crossing the Kuqa Depression （KD） and Tabei Uplift （TU）. And along the Baicheng to Da Qaidam profile, 4 of the 10 shot points are located in the northern margin of the TB. The results show that the character of the crust is uniform on the whole between the KD and TU, but the depth of the layers, thickness of the crust and the velocity obviously vary along the profile. Thereinto, the variation of the crust thickness mainly occurs in the middle and lower crust. The Moho has an uplifting trend near the Baicheng shot point in KD and Luntai shot point in TU, and the thickness of the crust reduces to 42 km and 47 km in these two areas, respectively. The transition zone between the KD and TU has a thickest crust, up to 52 km. In this transition zone, there are high velocity anoma- lies in the upper crust, and low velocity anomalies in the lower crust, these velocity anomalies zone is near vertical, and the sediment above them is thicker than the other areas. According to the velocity distributions, the profile can be divided into three sections： KD, TU and transition zone between them. Each section has a special velocity structural feature, the form of the crystalline basement and the relationship between the deep structure and the shallow one. The differences of velocity and tectonic between eastern and western profile in the northern margin of the Tarim Basin （NMTB） may suggest different speed and intensity of the subduction from the Tarim basin to the Tianshan orogenic belt （TOB）.     

Sea surface temperature and terrestrial biomarker records of the last 260 ka of core MD05-2904 from the northern South China Sea

This paper reports high-resolution biomarker records of the last 260 ka for core MD05-2904 from the northern South China Sea （SCS）. The sea surface temperature （SST） record using the U37^k＇, index reveals a minimum of 21.5℃（MIS 2） and a maximum of 28.3℃（MIS 5.5）, for a temperature difference of almost 7℃, and provides the longest high-resolution U37^k＇ SST record in northern SCS. The content of odd-number long chain n-alkanes and several n-alkanes indexes such as the CPI, ACL and the C31/C27 ratio, all reveal generally higher values during the glacials and lower values during the interglaclals. Terrestrial input as Indicated by n-alkane content was mostly controlled by sea-level changes： During the glacials, lower sea-level exposed the continental shelf to enable rivers to transport more terrestrial materials to the slope; and the situation reverses during the interglacials. The n-alkane indexes changes reveal more n-alkanes from contemporary vegetation during glacials as a result of the proximity of the core site to the source region, while the increases in ACL and C81/C27 ratio during glaclals indicate a change to more grassy vegetation. However, the highest values for CPI, ACL and the C81/C27 ratio all occurred during late MIS 3, and it was suggested that this period was characterized by a strong summer monsoon-dominated humid climate which resulted in a denser vegetation for the exposed continental shelf region.     

汶川地震的地表破裂与逆冲-走滑作用

2008年5月12日在龙门山映秀-北川断裂带发生的8.0级特大地震,属于逆冲-走滑型地震.作者以地表破裂为切入点,在映秀-北川断裂和彭灌断裂的关键部位,对断错山脊、洪积扇、河流阶地、边坡脊、断层陡坎、河道锴断、冲沟侧缘壁位错、小路位错、公路位错、公路拱曲、构造裂缝、断层偏转、擦痕、挤压脊、坡中槽等汶川地震所导致的地表破裂和断裂带开展了详细的野外地貌测量,标定了映秀-北川断裂带和彭灌断裂的垂向断距和水平断距,结果表明汶川地震的地表破裂带沿北东东向延伸,走向介于NE30°～50°之间,倾向北西,倾角介于30°～40°之间.其中北川-映秀断裂带的破裂带从映秀向北东延伸达180～190 km,属于单侧多点破裂型,以逆冲-右行走滑为特点,垂直位错为1.60～6.00 m,水平位错为0.20～6.50 m;彭灌断裂的地表破裂出露于彭州磁蜂场-绵竹汉旺之间,长度为30～40 km,以逆冲-右行走滑为特点,垂直位错为0.39～2.00 m之间,水平位错为0.20～0.70 m.表明该地震地表破裂带存在逆冲运动分量和右行走滑运动分量,逆冲运动分量略大于或等于右行走滑运动分量.根据历史地震和活动构造地貌的年龄测定资料,作者认为该区单条断裂的强震复发间隔在1～3ka.在此基础上,初步编制了龙门山地区的地质动力模型图,并认为下地壳物质在龙门山的近垂向挤出和垂向运动,导致了龙门山断裂带的向东逆冲运动、龙门山构造带抬升和汶川特大地震.     

边缘化女性的抗争——《使女的故事》的生态女性主义解读

"加拿大文学女王"玛格丽特·阿特伍德在她的长篇小说<使女的故事>中展现出一个看似荒诞,但却真实无比的未来景象.小说中男权社会对自然和女性的残酷压迫、女性意识的觉醒以及抗争,展现了阿特伍德独有的生态女性主义思想,给世人敲响警钟:要想实现人类社会的和谐可持续发展,必须从根本上改变自然和女性的"边缘"地位,培养人们的生态整体意识和男女平等意识,构建人与人、人与自然的平等和谐关系.     

俄日北方四岛纠纷及其对东北亚局势的影响

北方四岛在历史上曾多次易主。二战期间,苏联根据《波茨坦公告》重新占领了北方四岛,并将其划为自己的版图。2010年11月,俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫视察了国后岛,引发新一轮俄日岛屿纠纷。从目前形势来看,俄罗斯在岛屿争端中占据有利的位置,不会将北方四岛交还日本。俄日岛屿纠纷的彻底解决,还有很长的一段路要走。俄日岛屿争端将影响大国关系的调整,加剧东北亚紧张局势,导致地区内国际力量对比与战略格局的重新组合。     

历史上北方游牧民族与南方农耕民族的民族关系及其规律性

自秦汉中国已形成为统一的多民族国家,民族关系的研究在中国的历史研究中也占据了重要地位。浑然天成的北方游牧民族与南方农耕民族时战时和,在历史长河中互相影响、互相依附,在政治、经济、文化等方面融合发展,独具其特性与规律性。     

聚变堆用Nb_3Sn超导磁体设计分析

文章介绍了Nb3Sn CICC超导磁体的设计分析过程。根据超导磁体设计要求,以零维模型为基础,给出了磁体设计的基本方法与公式,得到了磁体运行的主要性能参数。计算结果表明,导体具有较大的温度裕度和稳定性裕度,磁体的设计是安全可靠的。