Cryptic bivalves with descriptions of new species from the Rodrigues lagoon

This paper describes a number of new taxa in the Arcidae, Philobryidae, Mytilidae, Galeommatidae, Kelliidae, Cyamiidae, Carditidae, Thraciidae and Clavagellidae. A further 17 species are included as new to the malacofauna of Rodrigues. Most of the species included came from cryptic habitats, of which the most interesting are apparently cavernicolous and similar to those described from southern Japan. Other species were described from crevice or algal turf communities. The most understudied group is the Galeommatoidea with four species described as new and a further five with as yet unresolved taxonomy.     

New species of Brodskius,Rythabis, and Omorius (Crustacea: Calanoida) from deep Antarctic waters

Three new species of rare benthopelagic clausocalanoidean genera with sensory setae on the maxilla are described from female specimens collected during the German Antarctic expeditions ANDEEP I–III in 2002 and 2005, mainly from abyssal depths close to the sea bed. Brodskius abyssalis sp. nov. differs from congeners by the lack of rostral filaments, two setae on the second segment of antenna exopod, thread‐like tips of maxillary worm‐like sensory setae, and the length of spines of P5 exopod. Rythabis assymmetrica sp. nov. is distinguished from other species in the genus by asymmetrical posterior corners of the prosome, the shape of spermathecae, and setal numbers on the maxillulary distal basal endite plus endopod. Omorius curvispinus sp. nov. is characterized by strongly curved setae of the maxillipedal syncoxa, a comparatively long seta on the basis of antenna, a slightly swollen genital double‐somite, and the shape of spermathecae. The genera Brodskius, Omorius, and Rythabis are recorded for the first time from the southern hemisphere.     

Sipunculans and echiurans from the deep Angola Basin

Sipunculans and echiurans collected by the “DIVA 1” expedition by RV Meteor (Cruise M48/1) to the deep‐sea bottom of the Angola Basin are recorded. Seven species from five genera and two separate phyla are recognized; only the echiuran Pseudoikedella achaeta has not been recorded hitherto in the southern sector of the Atlantic Ocean. A gradient analysis using redundancy analysis (RDA) under the CANOCO package indicates the existence of a neat latitudinal gradient of sipunculans along the Angola Basin from the southernmost stations towards the northern ones. The local abundance of abandoned horny tubes of polychaetes at some of the sampling sites of the northernmost stations explains the dense aggregations of Nephasoma diaphanes. This species exhibits an opportunistic lifestyle inside empty polychaete tubes on the abyssal plains of the Angola Basin.     

Sipuncula from Hainan Island (China)

Sipunculans from shallow depths ranging from 0 to 44 m, collected by two Chinese-German expeditions to Hainan Island (China) during the years 1990 and 1992, are recorded. Seventeen species in eight genera and five families are recognized from the total 271 individuals collected. An analysis of the sipunculan literature has shown that 10 of these species are new records for Hainan. Among them, Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) meteori (Hérubel, 1904) also represents the first record for the Pacific Ocean.     

《梵天火罗九曜》考释及其撰写年代和作者问题探讨

首先分析了密教经典<梵天火罗九曜>的性质、内容、构成等,证实其为一部包含不少印度天文学内容的典型密教占星术经典.然后根据经文中提供的相关证据,用天文方法推算了该经的写作年代不晚于公元751年.并推断该经正文的主要内容极有可能出自一行的手笔或传授,但部分内容出于后人补述.另外,还对该经作为天文学在不同文化之间传播和融合之证据的重要意义做了深入阐发.     

Impacts of intraseasonal oscillation on the onset and interannual variation of the Indian summer monsoon

The role of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) on the seasonal and interannual variations of the Indian summer monsoon is investigated based on the analysis of observational data. It is shown that the ISO significantly contributes to the establishment of low-level westerlies during the monsoon onset and developing periods. The effect of the ISO on the annual cycle of the monsoon is through nonlinear eddy momentum transport. On the interannual timescale, the Indian summer monsoon rainfall exhibits a significant out-of-phase relationship with the ISO intensity over the Indian monsoon region. In strong ISO years it appears the weak monsoon when there is an abnormal high over the India subcontinent in the lower troposphere. In weak ISO years there exists an abnormal low and the strong monsoon appears. Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB403602), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40225012 and 40775039) and Chinese COPES Program (Grant No. GYHY200706005)     

底也迦考--含鸦片合方始传中国的问题

鸦片始传中国的时间学术界一般以唐乾封二年（公元667年）大秦遣使献底也迦为据.底也迦只是含有鸦片的合方，含有鸦片的类似合方在隋唐以前流行于印度和西亚，似有在底也迦之前传入中国之可能，其中印度的眼科医术或许起了媒介作用.     

古印度宗教哲学中的实有与空无观念

实有和空无观念是印度思想史上讨论的核心或基本观念,印度远古的宗教历史文献吠陀和奥义书中就对此有表述,婆罗门教和佛教中也有大量相关论述。探讨这方面的问题对把握印度宗教哲学的主要内容、理解东方文化的基本精神有重要意义。     

印度谷螟触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

印度谷螟Plodia interpunctella(H ǜbner)是世界性的贮粮害虫。本文对其触角用扫描电镜进行了研究。其触角为丝状,由基部的柄节、梗节和43～45节鞭节组成。共发现了毛形感受器、刺形感受器、腔锥感受器、栓锥感受器、锥形感受器、耳形感受器和鳞形感受器等共七种感受器,并研究了它们在触角上的分布和数量。感受器在雌、雄蛾上也有很大差异,特别是毛形感受器、耳形感受器和刺形感受器。另外发现了又一种类型的锥形感受器,此种形状的感受器在国内外都未见报道。