Serine/threonine protein phosphatases in DNA damage response

DNA damage response (DDR) is among the most important of the mechanisms that maintain genome stability which, when destabilized, predisposes organs to cancer. Reversible phosphorylation mediated by protein kinases and protein phosphatases regulates most, if not all, cellular activities, including DDR. Protein kinase inhibitors have become the main focus of targeted therapy and anticancer drug development. However, our limited knowledge of protein phosphatase function is compromising our capacity to develop therapeutic agents against phosphatases. In this review, we summarize the roles of serine/threonine protein phosphatases involved in DDR and propose that in situ dephosphorylation of phosphoproteins by protein phosphatases, instead of proteasome-mediated degradation of phosphoproteins, is mainly employed by cells.     

非小细胞肺癌外周血有核细胞miRNA表达特点研究

miRNA在非小细胞肺癌的发生发展中发挥重要作用,为了解非小细胞肺癌患者外周血有核细胞的miRNA表达特征及其作用,采用第二代高通量测序技术对7例非小细胞肺癌患者和7例对照的外周血有核细胞miRNA表达水平进行检测,比较非小细胞肺癌患者与对照的外周血有核细胞miRNA表达特征,分析两者miRNA表达水平差异情况,共鉴定出非小细胞肺癌患者与对照的外周血有核细胞中有显著表达差异的miRNA 209种,其中肺癌样本miRNA表达上调的有138种,表达下调的有71种.研究结果显示非小细胞肺癌患者与对照样本的外周血有核细胞中miRNA表达具有显著差异,其中部分已被证实参与肿瘤发生、发展等过程.     

不同恶化程度胃癌细胞系的细胞间隙连接通讯功能及Cx43表达的差异

以人正常胃黏膜上皮细胞系GES-1和不同恶化程度的人胃癌细胞系(低恶化AGS细胞系、中恶化SGC-7901细胞系、高恶化BGC-823细胞系)为研究对象,采用激光共聚焦显微镜的荧光漂白恢复技术及划痕标记荧光染料示踪技术研究不同恶化程度的胃癌细胞系细胞间隙连接通讯(Gap junctional intercellular communication,GJIC)功能的差异;采用荧光定量PCR技术和间接免疫荧光技术检测间隙连接蛋白(Connexin43,Cx43)基因在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达差异,探求其与胃癌恶性程度的相关性.结果表明,在正常胃细胞系和低、中及高恶化胃腺癌细胞系中,细胞间的GJIC功能随着恶性程度的升高而减弱(AGS、SGC-7901)或消失(BGC-823),且Cx43蛋白及mRNA的表达量随着恶性程度的升高而下调(AGS、SGC-7901)或缺失(BGC-823).这提示胃癌恶性程度与胃癌细胞的GJIC功能显著相关(P<0.05),GJIC在胃癌发生中起重要作用.     

LAGE-1DNA肿瘤疫苗的抗肿瘤治疗效果研究

以LAGE-1转染EMT6构建小鼠乳腺癌肿瘤模型;将BalB/c小鼠随机分为4组,以pcDNA3.1/LAGE-1及对照pcDNA3.1分别接种实验组和对照组各三次.于末次免疫后10 d在小鼠左背部、右背部皮下分别种植EMT6肿瘤细胞和EMT6/LAGE1肿瘤细胞．荷瘤后观察成瘤时间、肿瘤大小,并对小鼠脾细胞进行CTL细胞杀伤活性实验来观察DNA疫苗引起的免疫反应.结果显示LAGE-1DNA疫苗在体内能诱导有效的特异性肿瘤免疫应答,该疫苗简便有效.     

CeO2纳米颗粒对A549细胞的保护作用

探讨了CeO2纳米颗粒对体外培养的人肺腺癌细胞A549的生物效应.使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对CeO2纳米颗粒进行了表征,采用噻唑蓝比色法测定了不同质量浓度CeO2纳米颗粒悬液对A549细胞活性的影响,对其抗氧化能力进行了检测,并且测定了30 nm CeO2作用24 h后细胞中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽(G...     

原子力显微镜在癌细胞观察和研究中的应用

原子力显微镜(AFM),能够在接近生理条件下以具有原子级的分辨率对活细胞进行表面成像和超微结构观察,同时可以研究细胞的生物过程、细胞与药物之间和细胞之间的相互作用,成为细胞生物学研究的一种有效工具.近年来AFM在细胞生物学研究中的应用进展很快,许多研究成果在生物医学和临床医学方面有良好的应用前景.本文分析了原子力显微镜的成像机理、工作模式和技术要点,综述了原子力显微镜在癌细胞的研究应用现状和前景.     

GC/MS法测定尿中的8-羟基脱氧鸟苷

利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)法测定尿中的8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8OHdG)含量.根据MS的定性结果,强峰m/z 383对应的碱基 1(B 1)为8OHdG的特征离子峰.利用选择性离子扫描方式(SIM)进行定量分析,测定结果重复性较好,整个分析流程的系内相对标准偏差为4.23%,系间相对标准偏差为8.25%.该方法的检测限可达0.5 nmol/L,线性范围为5~10 000 nmol/L.分析尿样的相对标准偏差为5.12%,并测定了正常人和癌症病人尿中8OHdG的排放水平,癌症病人尿中8OHdG的排放水平明显高于正常人.     

Galectin-3 stabilizes heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q to maintain proliferation of human colon cancer cells

Comparative analysis of proteomes using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant human colon cancer cell line revealed that decreased galectin-3 expression was significantly associated with retarded proliferation. However, in the presence of 5-FU proliferation rate of cells with suppressed galectin-3 expression did not differ from that of cells with normal galectin-3 expression, even galectin-3 suppression augmented apoptosis. Mechanism by which galectin-3 regulates cancer cell proliferation has been identified in immunoprecipitates of the anti-galectin-3 antibody. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q (hnRNP Q) was identified as a protein interacting with galectin-3. Interestingly, while galectin-3 protein was not affected by the hnRNP Q level, its suppression was accompanied by a decrease in hnRNP Q expression. The present study demonstrates that galectin-3 stabilizes hnRNP Q via complex formation, and reduction in the hnRNP Q level leads to slow proliferation and less susceptibility to 5-FU. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. B.C.Yoo; S-H.Hong; These two authors contributed equally to this work. Received 10 September 2008; received after revision 19 October 2008; accepted 07 November 2008     

基于生物信息学构建前列腺癌单细胞层面lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA调控网络

利用生物信息学筛选差异表达基因(Differentially Expressed Genes, DEGs),构建前列腺癌(Prostate Cancer, PCa)单细胞层面lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA调控网络,在分子水平上研究前列腺癌的发生发展过程及预后指标。首先从基因表达综合数据库(GEO)和癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)数据库分别下载单细胞RNA测序数据GSE157703和转录组测序数据TCGA-PRAD,通过R语言筛选差异表达信使RNA(DEmRNA)和差异表达长非编码RNA(DElncRNA),利用相关软件预测并构建lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA调控网络;然后使用R语言进行基因本体论(Gene Ontology, GO)和京都基因与基因百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG)分析,运用STRING数据库、Cytoscape软件建立蛋白相互作用网络,同时对单细胞RNA测序数据进行质控、降维、聚类和分群,构建单细胞层面的lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA调控网络;最后进行生存分析,通过人类蛋白质图谱进行验证。结果...     

Antizyme inhibitor: mysterious modulator of cell proliferation

In contrast to the considerable interest in the oncogene ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and in the family of antizymes with regard to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, the endogenous antizyme inhibitor (AZI) has been less well studied. AZI is highly homologous to the enzyme ODC but does not possess any decarboxylase activity. Elevated ODC activity is associated with most forms of human malignancies. Antizymes bind ODC, inhibit ODC activity and promote the ubiquitin-independent degradation of ODC. Consequently they are proposed as tumor suppressors. In particular, the most studied member of the antizyme family, antizyme 1, has been demonstrated to play a role in tumor suppression. AZI inactivates all members of the antizyme family, reactivates ODC and prevents the proteolytic degradation of ODC, which may suggest a role for AZI in tumor progression. Received 9 December 2005; received after revision 13 April 2006; accepted 1 June 2006