附加约束奇异Lagrange量系统的量子化理论

 研究了含附加约束奇异Lagrange量系统(约束奇异系统)的量子化,给出了该约束奇异系统修改的Dirac-Bergmann算法,分析了系统的经典正则对称性,研究了它的路径积分量子化和量子对称性质,通过实例说明经典理论中对称性和守恒律的关系在量子理论中不再有效.     

广义对称正则长波方程的新型守恒差分逼近

作者对一类广义对称正则长波方程的初边值问题进行了数值研究,提出了一个带有加权系数θ的平均隐式差分格式,格式模拟了初值问题的守恒性质,得到了差分解的存在唯一性,并利用离散泛函分析方法分析了该格式的二阶收敛性与稳定性.数值结果表明,该格式是可信的,且适当地调整加权系数θ,可以使计算结果具有更高的精度.     

单连域无旋向量场的标量表示和场力线绘制

为方便表述并按传统形式描绘向量场,基于经典物理思想和从头计算原则,利用现代计算机技术和数值模拟方法构建标量形式的向量场.以激光脉冲纳秒斩波开关和内置周期金环的CO2激光器放电管为例,针对单连通域中无旋向量场的边值问题,讨论了在平行平面场和旋转对称场情形下,场势函数数值求解后,场向量分布的标量构建和场力线分布的传统的可视化表述,提供了解决场强准确直观描述的一种有效方法.     

基于贝叶斯网络的中医辨证系统

将贝叶斯网络运用于中医辨证系统的研究,以更加量化中医辨证诊断系统.通过将中医体系中的916个证候,51项证素及其构成的1700条证名构成中医辨证贝叶斯网络的节点集,初步建立起中医辨证数据库并通过网络学习,形成中医辨证贝叶斯网络结构及概率表.利用建立的贝叶斯网络中医辨证系统,进行数据计量分析、推理验证证候—证素—证名间的关系,其结果与中医专家经验有很高的吻合性,尽管其仍未能全面反映中医辨证的思维能力.所以贝叶斯网络是对中医辨证进行信息挖掘处理的一种较好方法,可应用于中医人工智能辨证系统的建立.     

LSF标量格型混合量化

为了降低线谱频率(LSF)参数矢量量化器的搜索复杂度和码字存储单元,利用格型矢量量化的优点,设计了一种适合LSF参数量化的标量格型混合量化器。该量化器对LSF参数的预测残差矢量的第一、二个参数进行标量量化,余下的参数则利用格型矢量量化,从而降低了搜索复杂度和码字存储单元,与G.729协议所使用的LSF量化技术相比,有一定的改进。     

模拟信源标量量化的模糊c-均值算法

为改进模拟信源标量量化的收敛速度,将模糊逻辑中的模糊c-均值算法进行适当改造,应用到模拟信源的标量量化过程中,即形成了模拟信源标量量化的模糊c-均值算法。算法将迭代过程中的分区矩阵“元素化”放宽了限制条件。仿真结果表明,新的模糊c-均值算法在选择合适的精度E的条件下,随着分区数目增加和训练序列长度的增加,收敛速度要远优于传统的c-均值算法,同时通过控制参数E,可以在收敛速度和量化失真度量M SE之间进行权衡。     

Asynchronous reproduction in three species of crocodilians in south-eastern Amazonia

We studied reproduction of three species of crocodilians, Paleosuchus trigonatus, Caiman crocodilus and Melanosuchus niger, in the Xingu River, near the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam. The periods of laying and hatching of eggs were estimated for each nest before (2013–2014) and after (2016–2017) the river was dammed and the reservoir was formed. Nesting of the three species occurred between August and December, but was largely asynchronous; nest construction peaked in September for P. trigonatus, October for M. niger and November for C. crocodilus. Reservoir filling had little effect on the laying period of any of the species. Nests of P. trigonatus and M. niger were always within 0–12 m of the bank, whereas nests of C. crocodilus, which nests later in the season when flooding is more likely, were up to 100 m from the nearest water body. There was no relationship between distance from water and the number of eggs in nests, suggesting that larger and presumably more experienced females do not lay at different distances from the bank in any of the species.     

关于随机序列的若干强大数定律

设{,ξ1ξ,…,nξ,n≥1}是一随机序列,且{nξ,n≥1}<.ξ利用鞅差序列几乎处处收敛定理,给出受控随机序列的若干强大数定律.     

元谋干热河谷区民营水土保持效益评价

民营水土保持是当今水土保持生态建设中出现的一种新模式,是水土保持走向市场的重要标志。本文以农户调查数据为基础,运用层次分析法,对元谋干热河谷区民营水土保持效益进行评价。研究显示,目前民营水土保持是以经济效益为主导,兼顾生态效益和社会效益;农户的思想开放程度、经营模式和理念、技术水平、市场等因素是影响效益的主要因素,提出政府应建立完善的制度体系,支持鼓励民营水土保持的发展。     

Microhabitat use by the white‐clawed crayfish in a Tuscan stream

Habitat modification, pollution, overfishing, poaching, competition from non‐indigenous species, and diseases have led to the extinction in Europe of many populations of indigenous crayfish. Under the rationale that any programme of reintroduction should be preceded by a thorough understanding of habitat requirements of the species of concern, we studied the microhabitat use of an Austropotamobius pallipes population in Tuscany, central Italy. Microhabitat use was assessed for water depth, current velocity, substrate, percentages of boulders, underwater tree roots, and in‐stream vegetation cover. Results show that A. pallipes' habitat use is size‐partitioned. Smaller individuals mostly occupy stream edges in shallow waters with submerged roots, whereas larger individuals use deeper waters, often associated with boulders. Crayfish spatial distribution is restricted mostly to the microhabitats characterised by extensive cover and slow current velocity. The study highlights the importance of habitat heterogeneity and cover elements for the protection of this indigenous species.