Characterstics of seasonal variations of leaf n-alkanes and n-alkenes in modern higher plants in Qingjiang, Hubei Province, China

On the basis of GC and GC-MS analyses, the seasonal variation of leaf lipids is observed in five plant species in Qingjiang in Hubei Province. The CPI values （carbon preference index） of n-alkanes decrease gradually from May to November, though the carbon number distributions and the predominant carbon number in an individual species keep unchanged. The declined CPI values might be caused by the leaf fading, which is further supported by a comparison of the defoliated leaves with the fresh leaves. This observation infers the CPI values of n-alkanes in Quaternary sediments can be used as a tool to index the humification, and thus the climatic and the environmental conditions. The plants analyzed here show a remarkable difference in n-alkanes abundance, suggesting their differential contribution to the n-alkanes identified in sediments. The abundance and the compound species of the n-alkenes detected in the plant leaves change greatly with the seasons due to the influence of temperature, with the least compounds being identified in August.     

Structures of magnetic null points in reconnection diffusion region: Cluster observations

Magnetic reconnection is a very important and fundamental plasma process in transferring energy from magnetic field into plasma. Previous theory, numerical simulations and observations mostly concentrate on 2-dimensional （2D） model; however, magnetic reconnection is a 3-dimensional （3D） nonlinear process in nature. The properties of reconnection in 3D and its associated singular structure have not been resolved completely. Here we investigate the structures and charactedstics of null points inside the reconnection diffusion region by introducing the discretized Poincar6 index through Gauss integral and using magnetic field data with high resolution from the four satellites of Cluster mission. We estimate the velocity and trajectory of null points by calculating its position in different times, and compare and discuss the observations with different reconnection models with null points based on characteristics of electric current around null points.     

Relationship between Chinese speech intelligibility and speech transmission index in rooms using dichotic listening

Speech intelligibility （SI） is an important index for the design and assessment of speech purpose hall. The relationship between Chinese speech intelligibility scores in rooms and speech transmission index （STI） under diotic listening condition was studied using monaural room impulse responses obtained from the room acoustical simulation software Odeon in previous paper. The present study employs the simulated binaural room impulse responses and auralization technique to obtain the subjective Chinese speech intelligibility scores using rhyme test. The relationship between Chinese speech intelligi-bility scores and STI is built and validated in rooms using dichotic （binaural） listening. The result shows that there is a high correlation between Chinese speech intelligibility scores and STI using dichotic listening. The relationship between Chinese speech intelligibility scores and STI under diotic and dichotic listening conditions is also analyzed. Compared with diotic listening, dichotic （binaural） listening （an actual listening situation） can improve 2.7dB signal-to-noise ratio for Mandarin Chinese speech intelligibility. STI method can predict and evaluate the speech intelligibility for Mandarin Chinese in rooms for dichotic （binaural） listening.     

临界法测三棱镜的折射率

临界法测三棱镜的折射率不仅方法直观而且精度也较高。本文介绍了用临界法测三棱镜的折射率的基本操作方法,给出了临界法测折射率的计算公式。     

可拓综合指数及其在水环境质量评价中的应用

针对现有环境质量评价指数的不足,提出了一种基于可拓理论的新指数——可拓综合指数(EQI): EQI=sum from j=1 to m j·(?)_j(p)/sum from j=1 to m(?)_j(p)。其中,K_j(p)为待评对象p关于等级j的关联度。构建了基于MS Excel和MATLAB并通过Excellink联系的可拓综合评价系统,主要包括评价标准数据库模块和可拓质量评价模块,有简单关联函数法、层次分析法、特尔菲法3种赋权方法可资选择。应用于流溪河水质评价,所得结果与文献报道和水质实际情况吻合。     

基于指标体系的流域水安全诊断评价模型

 为在随机、模糊、经验等不确定性环境下定量评价流域水安全系统的总体状况,识别使流域水安全系统或其子系统处于不安全的主要指标,在流域水安全的理论分析、专家咨询和调研基础上建立了流域水安全诊断评价指标体系和评价等级标准,提出用基于加速遗传算法的模糊层次分析法筛选指标、确定水安全评价系统中各指标和子系统的权重,用集对分析方法构造流域水安全评价指标样本值隶属于可变模糊集“水安全诊断评价标准等级”的相对隶属度函数,建立了流域水安全诊断评价模型（SPA-DAM）。SPA-DAM在巢湖流域水安全诊断评价中的结果说明：流域近7a来水安全等级值均处于临界安全附近,虽存在缓慢改善的趋势,但由于水资源安全和水灾害防治安全程度不高、波动性大,水环境安全和社会经济安全程度不高、改善缓慢,因此总体上该流域的水安全形势不容乐观;合理调控水资源利用率、人均水资源量、单位面积化肥施用量、环保投资占GDP比例、单位面积蓄水工程总库容、水利工程投资占GDP比例、区域开发指数、人口密度和科技教育投入占GDP比例等关键指标,是提高该流域水安全保障程度的重要措施。SPA-DAM的评价结果可靠合理,方法简便实用,在已知等级评价标准的多层次系统诊断评价问题中具有一定的应用价值。     

特高薄拱坝坝体屈曲分析及应力控制指标的修正

对高薄拱坝几何参数进行了统计分析,根据此分析结果建立了特高薄拱坝稳定分析概化模型.采用空间有限元稳定分析方法对特高薄拱坝的坝体屈曲问题进行了研究,并通过对拱坝的强度和稳定超载分析,得出了拱坝破坏包络曲线.分析结果表明,特高薄拱坝设计时应重视坝体屈曲影响,考虑坝体屈曲影响后应对应力控制指标进行修正.     

公私合作制交通工程项目风险管理

交通工程采用公私合作制（PPP）模式有很多优点,同时也伴随着大量风险和障碍．分析了交通工程PPP项目存在的主要风险及其后果,提出了减轻公私双方风险的原则和方法,并按照风险公平分担的基本原则,即由最具控制能力且控制成本最低的那方承担风险,所得回报与所承担风险匹配,给出了不同风险的分担策略以减少项目成本和提高项目成功的可能性,提出了PPP项目风险度量的风险指数模型及其计算过程和方法．     

关于构建我国民办高校绩效评价指标体系的初探

我国目前对于民办高校绩效的评价研究还不够系统和深入,而民办高校绩效评价指标体系也主要是参考公立高校。因此,必须从民办高校绩效评价的特点出发,借鉴国外高校和学者的高校绩效评价指标体系的设计模式,建立综合体现我国民办高校的绩效水平的指标体系。     

Computer simulation on reliability of retention index with FDG–PET and optimization of dual-time-point imaging protocol

The inherent noise in positron emission tomography (PET) leads to the instability of quantitative indicators, which may affct the diagnostic accuracy for diffrentiating malignant and benign lesions in the management of lung cancer. In this paper, the reliability of retention index (RI) is systematically investigated by using computer simulation for the dual-time-point imaging protocol. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is used to evaluate the optimal protocol. Results demonstrate that the reliability of RI is a?ected by several factors including noise level, lesion type, and imaging schedule. The RIs with small absolute values su?er from worse reliability than those larger ones. The results of ROC curves show that over delayed second scan cannot help to improve the diagnostic performance further, while an early ?rst scan is expected. The method of optimization based on ROC analysis can be easily extended to comprise as many lesions as possible.