微极性流体润滑的挤压膜轴承特性研究

对微极性流体润滑的纯挤压膜径向轴承的特性进行了研究. 求解了基于微极性流体理论的雷诺方程和轴心非线性运动方程,将微极性流体特征尺度和耦合数作为微极性效应的主要标志性参数,全面考察了牛顿流体和微极性流体对挤压膜轴承轴心运动规律和润滑性能所产生的影响. 结果表明:微极性流体降低了轴心运动的位移、速度和加速度,使得挤压膜轴承运行更加平稳; 同时减小了最大油膜压力,增大了油膜厚度,因而提高了挤压膜轴承的承载能力.     

Supercritical fluids technology for clean biofuel production

Biofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels that are predominantly produced from biomass for transport sector applications. As biofuels are renewable, sustainable, carbon neutral and environmentally benign, they have been proposed as promising alternative fuels for gasoline and diesel engines. This paper reviews state-of-the-art application of the supercritical fluid (SCF) technique in biofuels production that includes biodiesel from vegetable oils via the transesterification process, bio-hydrogen from the gasification and bio-oil from the liquefaction of biomass, with biodiesel production as the main focus. The global biofuel situation and biofuel economics are also reviewed. The SCF has been shown to be a promising technique for future large-scale biofuel production, especially for biodiesel production from waster oil and fat. Compared with conventional biofuel production methods, the SCF technology possesses a number of advantages that includes fast kinetics, high fuel production rate, ease of continuous operation and elimination of the necessity of catalysts. The harsh operation environment, i.e. the high temperature and high pressure, and its request on the materials and associated cost are the main concerns for its wide application.     

P110油管用钢液固两相流体冲蚀实验研究

在油气井压裂改造过程中,高速含砂流体引起的冲蚀是油管失效的重要原因之一。利用自制的喷射式冲蚀实验装置,以3.5wt%NaCl含砂流体为介质,研究了油井管常用的P110油管用钢冲蚀速率随冲蚀时间、介质流速和含砂量的影响。研究结果表明,在冲蚀时间60~90 min时,P110钢材的冲蚀速率趋于稳定;在传统的纯冲刷磨损公式E=KVn基础上,增加了腐蚀因子M对公式进行修正,与实验数据尤其是低流速时的实验数据拟合误差减小;砂含量在25 kg/m3时,冲蚀速率达到最大;继续增加含砂量时,颗粒之间碰撞消耗的动能使得冲蚀速率先减小,然后缓慢增加。实验结果为P110油管在新型储层改造中的应用提供了一定参考。     

Van der Waals型流体相变问题的渐近稳定性

研究了van der Waals流体动力学方程组,通过引入人工黏性和周期边界条件,给出了此类流体方程组解的渐近稳定性。计算了带人工黏性的定常解问题,通过局部解的存在唯一性分析和先验估计,证明了定常解在全局范围内的渐近稳定性。     

电流变体及其在机械装备中的应用

电流变体是一种在外加电场作用下表现粘度发生显著变化的流体。近年来，作为一种智能流体引起研究人员的广泛重视。阐述了电流变体的组成、作用机理及其性质。在此基础上，研究了电流变体在机械装备中的应用。结果表明，将利用电流变技术设计的器件应用到机械装备中，可明显改善装备的技术性能指标。     

无粘土冲洗液的降泵压性能研究

本文讨论了田菁减阻液的试验研究结果,即雷诺数、浓度、管径、机械降解及阳离子等因素对田菁减阻性能的影响。还探讨了紊流减阻的机理及介绍了田菁减阻液在岩心钻探中的初步应用效果.     

电流变液产生屈服应力的理论分析

本文通过对电流变液系能量变化的分析，建立了一种Ｂｉｎｇｈａｍ流体的压缩模型，导出了ＥＲＦ产生屈服应力的必要条件。模型之结果说明，固体粒子凝聚区域在剪切过程中会被压缩，从而产生屈服应力。此模型从理论上论证了陶荣甲教授对电流变液产生屈服应力原因之论断。在本文的最后对所得到之结果作了适当的讨论。     

Tunable left-handed metamaterial based on electrorheological fluids

A tunable left-handed metamaterial consisting of a periodic array of the left-handed dendritic structure units infiltrated with electrorheological fluids is demonstrated. Experimental results show that the passband can move from the original 8.50-10.60 GHz to 7.16- 8.39 GHz after electrorheological fluids are infused. When a dc （direct current） electric field of 666 V/mm is applied, the passband moves toward lower frequency of within 7.08-8.30 GHz. This method provides one convenient way to design adaptive metamaterials.     

Synthesis and application of bilayer-surfactant-enveloped Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanoparticles: water-based bilayer-surfactant-enveloped ferrofluids

Superparamagnetic carbon-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with high magnetization (85 emu·g-1) and high crystallinity were synthesized using polyethylene glycol-4000 (PEG (4000)) as a carbon source. Fe₃O₄ water-based bilayer-surfactant-enveloped ferrofluids were subsequently prepared using sodium oleate and PEG (4000) as dispersants. Analyses using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicate that the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with a bilayer surfactant coating retain the inverse spinel-type structure and are successfully coated with sodium oleate and PEG (4000). Transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and particle-size analysis results indicate that the coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles also retain the good saturation magnetization of Fe₃O₄ (79.6 emu·g-1) and that the particle size of the bilayer-surfactant-enveloped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is 42.97 nm, which is substantially smaller than that of the unmodified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (486.2 nm). UV–vis and zeta-potential analyses reveal that the ferrofluids does not agglomerate for 120 h at a concentration of 4 g·L-1, which indicates that the ferrofluids are highly stable.