蒸发盐沉积若干问题的实验研究

在实验研究的基础上,本文探讨了广泛分布于我国境内蒸发盐的沉积机理,论述了硫酸钠亚型不同组分卤水的演化、矿物形成条件及析盐序列等,指出钾盐沉积出现的可能性。实验证明钾盐沉积物的形成,不一定达到国内外某些学者认为的“干湖”阶段,从而发展了成钾理论。文中阐明了介稳平衡和稳定平衡的不同性质,在卤水组分和温度相同的条件下,析盐的种类和组合关系不同。在蒸发盐矿床形成过程中,两类平衡所起的作用不同,盐类矿物沉积阶段主要处于介稳平衡状态。     

胍基化壳聚糖季铵盐的制备及其抗菌性能

以三聚氯氰(TCT)为中间桥梁,将聚六亚甲基双胍(PHMB)接枝到N-(2-羟丙基-3-甲基氯化铵)壳聚糖(HTCC)上,制备胍基壳聚糖季铵盐(HCP).研究制备HCP的最佳反应条件,采用元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)对产物的结构进行表征,并测试其抗菌性能.得到HCP的最佳反应条件为HTCC和TCT的摩尔比1.0∶2.5,HTCC和PHMB的质量比1.0∶1.2,缚酸剂为三乙胺,TCT一取代的反应时间8 h,二取代的反应时间14 h,反应温度40℃.结果表明：制得的HCP对大肠杆菌(E.coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的最低抑菌质量浓度分别为0.020,0.005 mg·mL^-1;质量浓度为1.0 mg·mL^-1的HCP对E.coli和S.aureus的抑菌率分别为89.8%和100.0%,高于相同质量浓度下HTCC对E.coli和S.aureus的抑菌率18.2%和18.7%.     

Improvement in hydrogen storage performance of Mg by mechanical grinding with molten salt etching Ti3C2Clx

Mg-based materials are currently a hot research topic as hydrogen storage materials due to their considerable theoretical hydrogen storage capacity. However, the kinetic performance of hydrogen absorption and desorption of Mg is too slow and requires high temperature, which seriously hinders the application of this material. MXene is a new type of two-dimensional material with significant role in improving thermodynamics and kinetics. In this experiment, a two-dimensional layered MXene containing Cl functional group was prepared by molten salt etching using the Ti-containing MAX phase as the raw material. Then different ratios of Ti₃C₂Cl_x were uniformly dispersed onto the surface of Mg by high energy ball milling. The samples were characterized by hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics, SEM, XRD, XPS, and DSC to investigate the effect of Ti₃C₂Cl_x on the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of Mg. The onset hydrogen absorption temperature can be reduced to room temperature and the hydrogen release temperature is reduced by 200 ​°C by doping Ti₃C₂Cl_x. And there is also 5.4 ​wt% hydrogen storage in the isothermal hydrogen absorption test at 400 ​°C. The results of DSC demonstrate that the E_a of Mg+15 ​wt% Ti₃C₂Cl_x was reduced by 12.6% compared to pristine Mg. The ΔH is almost invariable. The results of XPS show that the presence of multivalent Ti promotes electron transfer and thus improves the conversion between Mg²⁺/Mg and H⁻/H. This study provides a guideline for further improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.     

Sea water intrusion and salt water intrusion in the coastal area of Laizhou Bay

The characteristics, pattern, hydrodynamic and hydrochemical features, and the movement pattern of the salt waterfresh water interface of the sea water intrusion and the salt water intrusion, which occur in the coastal area of Laizhou Bay in Shandong Province, are analysed. The characteristics of the two kinds of intrusion are compared as well. A three-dimensional sea water intrusion model to describe the sea water intrusion with a transitional zone 1.5–6.0 km wide in the phreatic aquifer and a solute transport model describing the behavior of cations exchange in the process of sea water intrusion are established.     

盐胁迫下Na^＋,K^＋,Cl^—对碱蓬和玉米离子的吸收效应

用ＮａＣｌ、ＫＣｌ、ＮａＮＯ３和ＫＮＯ３处理碱蓬（Ｓｕａｅｄａｓａｌｓａ）和玉米（Ｚｅａｍａｙｓ）幼苗,发现ＮａＣｌ胁迫引起Ｋ＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、Ｆｅ２＋、Ｚｎ２＋、ＮＯ－３等必需元素的含量降低．认为ＫＣｌ和ＫＮＯ３处理引起碱蓬幼苗幼叶黄化的主要原因是Ｎａ＋的缺乏;ＫＣｌ处理引起玉米和碱蓬幼苗的干枯死亡主要是由于植物体内高浓度Ｃｌ－引起的;Ｎａ＋是引起盐生植物碱蓬叶片肉质化的重要因子;Ｃｌ－是刺激碱蓬生长的重要因子     

盐胁迫下灰绿藜叶片光合特性与叶绿体离子调节的研究

ＮａＣｌ处理后,灰绿藜整个叶片内Ｎ＾＋ａ和Ｃｌ＆－积累,但叶绿体内仅少量增加。叶绿体与叶片的Ｋ＾＋浓度都降低。     

Schiff碱型双(苯并-15-冠-5)对碱金属苦味酸盐的萃取性能研究

用五种Ｓｃｈｉｆ碱型双（苯并＿１５＿冠＿５）为离子载体,在水＿１,２＿二氯乙烷体系中研究了其对碱金属苦味酸盐的萃取性能,测定了分配比Ｄ和萃取平衡常数Ｋｅ．结果表明,这些双冠醚与苦味酸钠以１∶１（冠醚单元∶金属离子）形式络合,而与苦味酸钾和苦味酸铷则以２∶１形式络合．     

Stability of the Sarcin/Ricin domain of 28S RNA in rat ribosome under hydrostatic pressure

Under 2 100 bar of hydrostatic pressure, KNA N-glycosidase can still cleave the N-C bond of adenosine at position 4324 in R/S domain of 28S RNA in rat ribosome, demonstrating that high pressure has no effect on the tertiary structure of S/R domain.     

小麦耐盐细胞系脯氨酸SOD酶核酸和蛋白质合成动态分析

对已筛选出的小麦耐盐细胞系的耐盐稳定性进行有关生理、生化分析。结果表明：耐盐细胞系脯氨酸含量不仅稳定,而且高于对照;ＳＯＤ活性在耐盐系增加,耐盐系对一定的盐浓度损伤ＤＮＡ修复能力大于对照系,耐盐系ＲＮＡ和蛋白质合成量分别是对照的５．４和４．５倍,并对小麦耐盐性的有关问题进行了讨论。     

电荷转移多金属氧酸盐的研究进展

概述了多金属氧酸盐与ＴＴＦ类π电子有机给体形成的电荷转移盐研究的简短历史和新近进展,着重评述了它们的合成、结构、性质以及研究方法．