热解及燃烧过程中燃料氮的N2转化特性

利用气相色谱设备实验研究了国内4种煤在热解及燃烧过程中煤中燃料氮向N2的转化特性.研究结果表明:在煤的热解过程中,燃料氮能够转化为N2,煤种不同,N2的转化率也不同;神木煤氮的N2转化率最高,焦作煤最低;随热解温度的升高,燃料氮的N2转化率升高;在煤燃烧过程中,燃料氮同样能够转化为对环境无害的N2,转化率同样与温度有关且随着温度的升高而增加,但当燃烧温度达到1 100℃时,除神木煤外,其他煤中燃料氮的N2转化率均有明显下降;无论是热解还是燃烧,所研究煤中的矿物质均能够促进燃料氮向N2的转化;无论脱灰与否,低温燃烧时燃料氮的N2转化率远比低温热解时高,但在1 100℃下的热解与燃烧时,N2转化率与煤种有关.     

Relations between the underground biomass and soil organic carbon and nitrogen of the alpine meadow at the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

This article, by combining field investigation with laboratorial analysis, studies diverse alpine meadow at the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for the underground biomass dynamics, vertical distribution of the content of soil carbon and nitrogen, the connection between the biomass and the content of carbon and nitrogen. The studies show that underground biomass in the herb layer of upland meadow is more than that in the terrace meadow, while underground biomass in the upland shrubland is the most. The vertical distribution of underground biomass of each type is obvious as in shape of＂T＂. As to the distribution of the content of soil organic carbon in the three sample grounds, it showed that the deeper the soil the less the content of soil organic carbon. In May, unlike at terrace meadow, the underground biomass and the content of soil organic carbon in positive proportion, such revelation at upland meadow and upland shrubland is not apparent. In July, at upland meadow and terrace meadow the underground biomass and the content of soil total nitrogen in positive proportion, such revelation at upland shrubland is not apparent either.     

Distribution characteristics of soil organic matter and total nitrogen on the Yajiageng vertical belt,Gongga Mountain around the Dadu River banks

Distribution characteristics of soil organic matter（SOM） and total nitrogen（TN） were studied in different plant communities of the Yajiageng vertical belt in Gongga Mountain around the Dadu River banks. The results show： （1） the contents of SOM and TN of the plant communities gradually decreased with the following order： subalpine coniferous forest （3 027 m）, subalpine meadow （3 873 m）, coniferous broadleaved mixed forest（2 737 m）, subalpine shrub（3 565 m） and treeline（3 564 m）. （2） With soil profile depth increasing, the contents of SOM and TN gradually decreased. For different vegetation types, the contents of SOM and TN in sub-alpine coniferous forest were higher than that of other vegetational types. （3）The ratio of the content of carbon to the content of total nitrogen （Cc/CTN）WaS 13.5-27.6, which was relatively lower than the appropriate Cc/CTN of 25-30, and indicated that the soil in favor of the organic matter decomposed and nutrients released. Cc/CTN in the soil had no correlation with sea level altitude. However, its distribution in the soil x, aried with different vegetation types. （4） Nitrogen in SOM existed mainly in the form of organic nitrogen, and Cc/CTN in the soil was not obvious correlated with SOM and TN.     

水绵处理富营养化景观水体的试验研究

提出了以水绵（spirogyra）处理富营养化景观水体,强化去除水中氮、磷等污染物的方法,以实际富营养化景观水体为对象,分析了水绵的除污染性能,在自然条件下,当水绵剂量（干重）为80mg/L时,经过20天处理,水的pH值上升至9.4,TP质量浓度降至0.48mg/L,去除效率达77.1%以上,TN质量浓度降至4.64mg/L,去除效率达85.4%,处理效率随水绵剂量的提高而增加。在利用水绵处理富营养水体的过程中,选择适当的水绵用量和处理时间,处理后的水体氮、磷含量可达到湖泊类景观环境用水的水质标准,同时降低了水体浊度,使水体中浮游藻类总生物量处于较低水平,改善了富营养化水体水质,有效减轻了水体富营养化的危害,可为处理富营养水体提供新的技术途径。     

杜仲叶和皮中杜仲胶提取的研究

以石油醚为提取剂 ,杜仲叶和皮经过硫酸或氢氧化钠水溶液处理后 ,能提高杜仲胶的提取率。但硫酸浓度太高会导致杜仲胶降解 ,而用碱处理不会发生此现象。提取液经蒸馏适量回收溶剂后 ,再以乙醇为沉淀剂 ,丙酮为脱色剂制得白色富有弹性的杜仲精胶。     

00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N高氮超级双相不锈钢的组织和性能

一种新型的资源节约型高氮超级双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N开发出来,氮质量分数达到0.5％.研究表明,经热锻和1 050 ℃固溶处理后,基体组织由铁素体和奥氏体组成,铁素体质量分数约为47％,氮质量分数的增加能明显提高材料的机械性能和腐蚀性能.通过对比研究表明,00Cr25Ni2Mo3Mn10N的综合性能相当于或优于00Cr25Ni7Mo4N 超级双相不锈钢.     

不同方法测定污水中总氮总磷的比较研究

传统的总氮(TN)总磷(TP)检测方法为碱性过硫酸钾氧化-紫外分光光度法,现针对目前国内总氮和总磷联合消解测定的试验条件差异较大的问题,通过对几种方法的比较,优化了总氮、总磷联合消解测定的试验条件,建立了一种准确、快速的分析方法。     

外来植物薇甘菊对本地植物凋落物分解的影响

 外来植物薇甘菊（Mikania micrantha HBK.）已入侵华南许多地区,并造成严重危害。探讨了外来植物薇甘菊凋落物对4种本地植物大叶榕（Ficus virens）、潺槁树（Litsea glutinosa）、樟树（Cinnamomum camphora）和台湾相思（Acacia confusa）凋落物分解的影响。凋落物分解采用网袋法,将薇甘菊凋落物分别与本地植物凋落物按3个比例混合,3个比例为,m（薇甘菊）∶m（本地植物） = M₁（1∶4）,M₂（1∶1）和M₃（4∶1）。分解60 d后,测定凋落物的分解速率与养分释放。结果表明,薇甘菊与本地植物凋落物混合比例为M₁时,凋落物分解速率变慢,但在M₃时,凋落物的分解速率变快。与单独本地凋落物养分释放相比,薇甘菊凋落物混入后C释放有所下降,而N素释放量有所提高,这种N释放量的增加可能会对薇甘菊的入侵产生正反馈作用。     

大气氮沉降现状及其对生态系统的影响

大气氮沉降是酸雨的主要成因之一,由于人为活动使得全球范围内的大气氮沉降日益增加。当大气氮沉降量超过森林生态系统的需求时,氮沉降会淋洗出植物体内的养分,导致叶片过早脱落,还会降低植物的抗性;氮沉降能引起土壤酸化,同时造成土壤盐基离子淋失。     

烷基苯磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的特征及可溶性

以烷基苯磺酸（ＡＢＳＡ）为反离子质子酸，研究了大阴离子酸掺杂苯胺（ＰＡｎ）的过程及其可溶性，表现溶解度和真实溶解度随溶剂和处理温度的变化表明大阴离子酸掺杂的特殊性；受分子链的运动和聚合物边间距影响较大，可溶部分的ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ光谱的结果进一步证实这一结论，ＦＴ－ＩＲ对ＰＡｎ和ＡＢＳＡ混合物在氯仿中的可溶物和不可溶物的结构分析表明掺杂过程发生的氧化还原反应对溶解不利，而ＡＢＳＡ中的烷基直链结构对溶解有