药物与心理调节治疗胃肠功能紊乱60例疗效观察

目的 观察刺五加、谷维素加心理调节方案对胃肠功能紊乱的疗效。方法 随机分为治疗组和对照组各60例。治疗组除药物治疗,再加心理治疗。结果 治疗组显效51例,有效9例,总有效率100％,对照组总有效率81％,两组有明显的差异(P<0.01)。结论 刺五加具有养血活血、安神定智的功效,提高机体对有害刺激的防御能力;谷维素有中枢性抗功能紊乱作用,解除失眠、焦虑等症状;心理调节排除患者精神障碍。三者并用,疗效显著。     

Developmental genetics

Summary Of particular concern to the human geneticist are the effects of genetic abnormalities on development. To gain an understanding of these effects it is necessary to engage in a reciprocal process of using knowledge of normal developmental events to elucidate the mechanisms operative in abnormal situations and then of using what is learned about these abnormal situations to expand our understanding of the normal. True developmental genes have not been described in man, although it is likely that they exist, but many developmental abnormalities are ascribable to mutations in genes coding for enzymes and structural proteins. Some of these even produce multiple malformation syndromes with dysmorphic features. These situations provide a precedent for asserting that not only monogenic developmental abnormalities, but also abnormalities resulting from chromosome imbalance must ultimately be explicable in molecular terms. However, the major problem confronted by the investigator interested in the pathogenesis of any of the chromosome anomaly syndromes is to understand how the presence of an extra set of normal genes or the loss of one of two sets of genes has an adverse effect on development. Several molecular mechanisms for which limited precedents exist may be considered on theoretical grounds. Because of the difficulties in studying developmental disorders in man, a variety of experimental systems have been employed. Particularly useful has been the mouse, which provides models for both monogenic and aneuploidy produced abnormalities of development. An example of the former is the mutation oligosyndactylism which in the heterozygous state causes oligosyndactyly and in the homozygous state causes early embryonic mitotic arrest. All whole arm trisomies and monosomies of the mouse can be produced experimentally, and of special interest is mouse trisomy 16 which has been developed as an animal model of human trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). In the long run, the most direct approach to elucidating the genetic problems of human development will involve not only the study of man himself but also of the appropriate experimental models in other species.Acknowledgments. This review was written while the author was a Henry J. Kaiser Senior Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Palo Alto, California. This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (GM-24309, HD-03132, HD-15583, HD-17001) and the American Cancer Society (CD-119) and by a contract from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NOI-HD-2858).     

两种新生大鼠皮质发育障碍模型的差异基因表达谱研究

目的研究两种不同的方法构建皮质发育障碍(DCDs)动物模型中的共同差异表达基因,为进一步研究DCDs形成机制提供基因水平筛选的研究平台。方法用两种方法制备DCDs模型:①射线损伤模型(射线组):采用剂量为1.45 Gy的γ射线照射妊娠15 d的SD大鼠制作子代大鼠DCDs模型;②卡莫司汀(BCNU)药物损伤模型(药物组):妊娠15 d的SD大鼠,腹腔注射BCNU制作子代大鼠DCDs模型。同时设正常对照组。对两种DCDs模型的子代新生鼠(P0)全脑做基因芯片扫描,结果与正常对照组比较,获得两种模型共有的差异基因。结果射线组大鼠与正常比较得到170个差异基因,其中25个上调,145个下调;药物组大鼠与正常比较得到259个差异基因,其中67个上调,192个下调。两组重合的基因共54个,其中3个上调,51个下调。结论皮质发育障碍是一个复杂的病理过程,本实验运用基因芯片技术,对两种不同方法构建的DCDs模型进行了研究,获得两种DCDs模型共有的基因差异表达谱,为进一步研究DCDs形成机制提供了分子生物学平台。     

老年人肺心病多器官衰竭84例分析

分析84例老年人肺心病呼吸衰竭患者并发多器官衰竭、累及器官数目与病死率是正相关关系，累及2—5个器官死亡率分别为34．3％、65．4％、86．7％、100％，其中并发肺性脑病最多，但病死率较低。而肾功能进行性加重预后不佳。揭示老年肺心病患者病程较长，各器官功能减退、免疫功能低下，是导致肺心病多器官衰竭的重要死亡原因。     

DNA hypomethylation in the origin and pathogenesis of human diseases

The pathogenesis of any given human disease is a complex multifactorial process characterized by many biologically significant and interdependent alterations. One of these changes, specific to a wide range of human pathologies, is DNA hypomethylation. DNA hypomethylation signifies one of the major DNA methylation states that refers to a relative decrease from the “normal” methylation level. It is clear that disease by itself can induce hypomethylation of DNA; however, a decrease in DNA methylation can also have an impact on the predisposition to pathological states and disease development. This review presents evidence suggesting the involvement of DNA hypomethylation in the pathogenesis of several major human pathologies, including cancer, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and psychiatric disorders. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent those of the US Food and Drug Administration.     

Statistical issues and approaches in endophenotype research

The endophenotype concept was initially proposed to enhance the power of genetic studies of complex disorders. It is closely related to the genetic component in a liability-threshold model; a perfect endophenotype should have a correlation of 1 with the genetic component of the liability to disease. In reality, a putative endophenotype is unlikely to be a perfect representation of the genetic component of disease liability. The magnitude of the correlation between a putative endophenotype and the genetic co...     

Neuropeptide Y: the universal soldier

The peptidic neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) has received great attention because it has been implicated in the regulation of several organ systems. In particular, NPY is involved in the regulatory loops that control food intake in the hypothalamus and appears also to be important for regulating the activity of neuroendocrine axes under poor metabolic conditions. Furthermore, NPY exerts vasoconstrictive action on the vasculature and potentiates the actions of many other vasoconstrictors. In addition, it was demonstrated to have trophic properties and could therefore contribute to cardiovascular remodeling. These various effects plus a number of others make NPY an attractive target for the potential treatment of human diseases, such as obesity, metabolic disorders, hypertension and heart failure. Received 17 July 2002; received after revision 7 November 2002; accepted 29 November 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author.     

恶性肿瘤的心理学研究概述

对恶性肿瘤的心理学致病机理、心理治疗的应用等进行了初步分析.结果表明,恶性肿瘤是心身疾病,心理社会因素在癌症发生过程中起着重要的作用.而心理因素在患者致病机理中的重要地位,决定了心理治疗在综合治疗中的重要意义.     

非胆系疾患胆囊壁增厚的机理及临床意义——附22例报告

研究近期超声发现22例非胆系疾病的胆囊壁增厚,以探讨胆囊壁增厚的发病机理及临床意义。