AMPA receptors: potential implications in development and disease

α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA) receptors are one type of ionotropic glutamate receptor involved in rapid excitatory synaptic transmission. AMPA receptors have been increasingly implicated in long-term potentiation, and recent evidence suggests that they may play a role in disorders affecting the nervous system. The finding that early in postnatal development AMPA receptors are not expressed has lately been the focus of much attention. Resolving the factors involved in AMPA receptor expression suggests that their induction is a developmentally regulated process with the possibility that alterations in receptor expression may be correlated with pathology in neurological disorders. This paper provides an overview of factors involved in AMPA receptor induction as well as of their role in plasticity and neuronal pathologies. Received 5 December 2000; received after revision 12 January 2001; accepted 2 February 2001     

基于时间方向划分的三类遗忘症特征分析

记忆障碍多为脑创伤导致,其影响范围越来越广.根据遗忘的时间方向将遗忘症分为顺行性遗忘、逆行性遗忘和进行性遗忘.海马和颞叶内侧损伤导致的遗忘综合征主要表现为顺行性遗忘,而某些苯二氮卓类药物亦可诱发.间脑损伤导致的科萨科夫综合征主要表现为逆行性遗忘,另外,颞叶癫痫、ECT治疗等也会伴随该症状.随病程日益加重的进行性遗忘,主要形式为阿尔茨海默病.目前,记忆障碍只能以记忆康复为主,主要包括通过联想法、图像法等记忆技巧达到的内部代偿,以及利用外显方式、编制程序等方法达到的外部代偿.以脑神经科学为核心的记忆康复,是未来临床神经心理学发展的方向和领域.     

通断调节下风机盘管水系统水力特性偏离研究

计算分析了风机盘管水系统通断调节下水力特性变化规律,结果表明关闭某一台风机盘管时,该风机盘管上游的风机盘管发生不等比例失调,下游的风机盘管发生近似等比例失调,各个风机盘管流量最大增加达14.27%,最小增加仅5.16%;关闭的风机盘管的支路压降越大,关闭后水系统的用户侧阻力系数越大且水系统总流量减少的百分比越大,最大减少2.15%;风盘总开启率越大,用户侧阻力系数越小,在相同的总开启率下,开启的风盘越集中在上游,用户侧阻力系数越小。上游风机盘管的水力稳定性系数大于下游风机盘管的水力稳定性系数。     

自闭症谱系障碍儿童对情绪面孔视觉加工的时程分析

目的：考察自闭症谱系障碍儿童情绪面孔加工的时间进程特点。方法：让ASD组、聋哑组和正常组被试观看中性、恐惧、愉悦三种情绪面孔图片,并用 Tobii 眼动仪记录其眼动指标进行分析。结果：（1）ASD儿童觉察情绪面孔的时间显著长于聋哑儿童和正常儿童,对情绪面孔的注视时间显著少于聋哑儿童和正常儿童;（2）ASD 儿童对情绪面孔眼睛的注视时间显著少于对照组,但对嘴巴的注视时间差异不显著;（3）三组被试注视恐惧面孔的时间显著长于另外两种情绪面孔,主要是对恐惧嘴部的注视较多;（4）ASD组对情绪面孔的注视时间和各时程上注视分配都显著少于聋哑组和正常组,但注意时间分配趋势、情绪面孔加工模式并无差异。结论：ASD儿童情绪面孔加工模式与正常儿童无异,但存在数量的不足。     

基于《伤寒论》理法方药理论浅谈新冠肺炎防控策略

基于张仲景《伤寒论》理法方药理论,对当前正在流行的新冠肺炎(COVID-19)的病因、病机进行分析,并据此提出合理的诊疗、防控策略。认为新冠病毒是一种伤寒病毒,由其引发的新冠肺炎应该定义为张仲景所说的伤寒,新冠病毒感染的怕冷发热病人不宜采用输液消炎的方式降温。该结论不仅能为此次新冠肺炎疫情的防控提供指导意见,还能为以后类似流行性传染病的防控起到借鉴作用。     

Erythrophagocytosis by cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with hereditary metabolic disorders

Phagocytosis of native allogenic red blood cells was observed in cultures of skin fibroblasts obtained from patients with neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, Niemann-Pick disease type C and morbus Fabry. Occasional phagocytizing cells were observed in 9 other syndromes. Cells from three normal donors did not phagocytize.     

对高中教师睡眠状况的调查研究

本文通过对高中教师睡眠障碍的测试，了解到目前高中教师的睡眠问题带有普遍性。研究结果还表明，高中教师睡眠障碍的程度明显地高于全国常模；随着教师年龄的增长，其睡眠障碍也越来越严重；女性教师的睡眠障碍比男教师更为严重。     

泰来县碘缺乏病概况分析

通过泰来县地方性甲状腺肿（简称地甲病）和地方性克汀病（简称地克病）的患病率及治愈情况的调查，对主要由缺碘引起的地甲病和地克病的发病机理和治疗方法进行了分析，目前，碘缺乏病的治疗已获得显著疗效。     

Consortium for the Human Information and Neurocognitive Endophenotype （CHINE） in mainland China： An example from neurological soft signs for neuropsychiatric disorders

Increasing efforts to identify alternate expressions of neuropsychiatric disorders that are broader than the DSM or ICD diagnostic criteria needed to diagnose them reflects a growing consensus that multidimensional expressions of neuropsychiatric disorders may advance the search for underlying etiological or modulatory factors. Endophenotypic research can be considered to be one of the most promising strategies to bridge the gap between genomic complexity and the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the majority of endophenotype studies were limited to our western counterparts, very little has been done and initiated by scholars in mainland China. In this paper, we urge the need to establish a potential central consortium for endophenotypes to study neuropsychiatric disorders in mainland China. In particular, we illustrate a potential example of neurological soft signs in following the steps for building the consortium.     

Protein misfolding and disease: the case of prion disorders

Recent findings strongly support the hypothesis that diverse human disorders, including the most common neurodegenerative diseases, arise from misfolding and aggregation of an underlying protein. Despite the good evidence for the involvement of protein misfolding in disease pathogenesis, the mechanism by which protein conformational changes participate in the disease is still unclear. Among the best-studied diseases of this group are the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion-related disorders, in which misfolding of the normal prion protein plays a key role in the disease. In this article we review recent data on the link between prion protein misfolding and the pathogensis of spongiform encephalopathies. Received 15 July 2002; received after revision 19 August 2002; accepted 23 August 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author.