福建省松枯死木检测鉴定方法与结果分析

采用常规检测法（贝尔曼漏斗法）研究了松枯死木中的线虫种类、相互存在关系和检出情况。初步将线虫分为4大类：松材线虫、拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫。其在枯死木中的存在关系有14种类型。（1）松材线虫;（2）松材线虫、拟松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（3）松材线虫和伞滑刃属其它线虫;（4）松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（5）松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（6）松材线虫、拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（7）拟松材线虫;（8）拟松材线虫和伞滑刃属其它线虫;（9）拟松材线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（10）拟松材线虫、伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（11）伞滑刃属其它线虫;（12）伞滑刃属其它线虫和非伞滑刃属线虫;（13）非伞滑刃属线虫;（14）无线虫。2008~2010年,松材线虫检出率分别为34.59%、28.21%和24.19%,呈逐年下降趋势;拟松材线虫检出率为14.04%、16.03%和0.8%。每年松材线虫检出率与季节的关系差异不明显,但常年基本上都有松材线虫,为枯死木的取样增加了难度。应用指示剂1号进行快速检测,结果表明,对于松材线虫病木,其准确率达100%。随着时间流失,松材线虫在枯死木中慢慢消失,影响常规检测和快速检测结果,所以尽量在松树枯死初期取样。     

土壤质地组分及含水量对小麦禾谷胞囊线虫病发生的影响

在室内条件下研究了5种土壤质地组分和6种土壤含水量对小麦禾谷胞囊线虫病发生的影响.结果表明,纯黏土最不适合小麦胞囊线虫病的发生.在供试的5个土壤质地组分处理中,纯黏土的病情指数最低,其次为黏土∶细沙=3∶1的处理,两个处理病情指数均在25以下;黏土∶细沙=1∶3的处理病情指数最高,其次为纯细沙和黏土∶细沙=1∶1的处理,这3个处理病情指数均在60以上;病株率调查结果表明,纯黏土与黏土∶细沙=3∶1处理病株率较低,均低于70%,黏土∶细沙=1∶3处理、黏土∶细沙=1∶1处理和纯细沙处理的病株率均大于85%,黏土∶细沙=1∶3处理的病株率达到100%,显著高于黏土∶细沙=3∶1处理和黏土处理.研究发现,土壤含水量过高或过低均不适合该病害的发生,在供试的6个土壤含水量处理中,土壤含水体积分数29.74%的处理和4.68%的处理病情指数均低于60;含水体积分数12.78%,14.25%,6.93%处理的病情指数为75～85;含水体积分数9.61%的处理病情指数最高,为88.73,最适于小麦胞囊线虫病的发生.     

Mi基因过表达载体和16D10基因RNAi载体的构建及转化

文中采用PCR技术从番茄中克隆获得了Mi基因,采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)技术从来源于红橘（Citus reticulate）的根结线虫中克隆获得了16D10基因,采用DNA重组技术构建了Mi基因的过表达载体和16D10基因的RNAi载体,分别命名为pB-Mi和pB-16DR. 通过根瘤农杆菌介导的遗传转化,获得了经PCR检测为阳性的沙田柚转基因植株. 这一结果将为研究Mi基因过表达和16D10基因的RNA干扰对柑橘根结线虫病的抗性影响提供试材和技术支持.     

Two new free-living marine nematode species of the genus Pseudosteineria (Monohysterida: Xyalidae) from the Yellow Sea,China

Two new species of free-living marine nematode, Pseudosteineria sinica sp. nov. and Pseudosteineria zhangi sp. nov., from the Yellow Sea, China are described. Pseudosteineria sinica sp. nov. is characterized by body spindle-shaped, cuticle distinctly annulated; amphidial fovea not visible; spicules unequal in length, the longer one divided into two sections jointed in the middle, the shorter one simple, without indentation; both spicules curved with proximal capitulum, tapered distally; gubernaculum with a dorso-caudal apophysis. Pseudosteineria zhangi sp. nov. is characterized by eight groups of relatively short subcephalic setae; amphidial fovea circular, lying at level of grouped subcephalic setae; spicules paired, equal in length, dissimilar in shape; right spicule slender, left one with a large manubrium proximally; gubernaculum bucket-shaped, with a dorsal apophysis. A key to species is provided for the 13 valid species of the genus.     

Two new free-living marine nematode species of Chromadoridae (Nematoda: Chromadorida) from the Yellow Sea,China

Two new species of free-living marine nematodes, Ptycholaimellus ocellatus sp. nov. and Prochromadorella gracilis sp. nov. from the Yellow Sea, China are described. Ptycholaimellus ocellatus sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of ocelli, an abruptly narrowing anterior cervical region, a cuticle with transverse rows of punctations, a lateral differentiation with two longitudinal rows of thick elongate dots, and voluminous ventral gland with a large ampulla. Prochromadorella gracila sp. nov. is characterized by the combination of lateral differentiations in the anterior pharyngeal region, a small conical stoma with outstretched teeth, slit-like amphidial fovea, and five pre-cloacal supplements.     

The morphology and biology of the entomophilic Thripinema fuscum (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae), and the histopathological effects of parasitism on the host Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

We used light and electron microscopy to detail the in vivo life cycle of the nematode Thripinema fuscum and to determine the effects of parasitism on tissues of the thrips host Frankliniella fusca. The parasitic T. fuscum female produced eggs within 4–5 days after ingress and the host haemocoele became packed with eggs and developing juvenile nematodes. Mature juveniles migrated to the hindgut and fully developed juveniles first emerged from the posterior end of the male or female F. fusca 9 days after parasitization. Parasitization induced a displacement of the host alimentary tract, an atrophy of the ovaries and fat body, and an alteration of energy and waste reserves in host tissues. Our observations reveal a specialized relationship showing that this parasite is well adapted to exploit the host digestive, reproductive and excretory systems.     

穿刺芽孢杆菌在吊灯花根结线虫中大面积自然感染及链枝菌记述

在厦大校园和鸿山公园检查了１５株吊灯花的根结线虫受穿刺芽孢杆菌感染的情况，株感染率为１００％．用漂浮法共检查很周土壤的３２２只幼虫，感染率为５８．４％，感染强度为８．９（１～２００）个孢子／幼虫；用孵化法共检查从卵块孵出的３９０只幼虫，感染率为４２．６％，感染强度为４．８（１～１００）个孢子／幼虫．虽然两种方法都有效，但前者优于后者．迄今为止，吊灯花是自然界中穿刺芽孢杆菌感染最严重的一种寄主，其大面积自然感染表明吊灯花可作为制造穿刺杆菌菌剂原料的优良树种，有希望投入应用，进行大量生产．     

高桥红树林湿地冬季海洋线虫群落结构

于2018年冬季,在广东湛江高桥红树林湿地布设6个站点进行沉积物样品采集,研究该区域海洋线虫的丰度、生物量、优势属、种类组成、生物多样性指数和群落结构等.结果表明,高桥红树林湿地海洋线虫丰度变化范围为(69.68±35.22)～(123.03±22.19)ind/cm2,平均丰度为(96.37±23.24)ind/cm...     

PTD-Tat之C端融合在活体体内的跨膜递送作用

报道了Tat蛋白转导区域(PTD-Tat)的C端融合蛋白在线虫和小鼠体内的跨膜递送作用.将重组表达质粒pGEX-GFP-Tat在大肠杆菌中高效表达出的融合蛋白GST-GFP-Tat对小鼠腹腔注射(ip)17h后,荧光显微镜观察其心、肝和肾组织,均检测到强烈的绿色荧光,甚至该蛋白跨越了血脑屏障(BBB).此外用融合蛋白喂食线虫发现蛋白分布于线虫消化管道及其原体腔,且表现出的跨膜递送活性与喂食时间和蛋白浓度呈现正相关.该研究结果拓宽了PTD-Tat在蛋白药物递送方面的应用范围,为蛋白质疗法开辟了新的视野,并为其有效应用提供理论指导.