松材线虫病病理生理学研究进展

本文从6个方面综述了松材线虫病病理生理学的研究现状,包括水分生理,物质代谢,酶,毒性代谢物,植物激素以及抗性生理,文后展望了该领域今后的研究重点。     

云南江城雪茄烟根结线虫病的病原鉴定及生物源氨气熏蒸的防治效果研究

雪茄产业是近年来中国烟草行业新的经济增长点,雪茄烟种植中根结线虫病危害严重.然而,目前国内外雪茄烟病原线虫的种类尚未明确,对该病害的绿色防控也鲜有报道.基于雌虫、雄虫和二龄幼虫的形态特征、PCR扩增特异性条带及科赫法则验证结果,将普洱市江城县雪茄烟叶“云雪1号”品种上发生的根结线虫病病原鉴定为爪哇根结线虫（Meloidogyne javanica）.评估了4种食用菌（金针菇、杏鲍菇、香菇、姬菇）菌渣脲酶催化尿素释放氨气熏蒸土壤对雪茄烟叶爪哇根结线虫病的防治效果.结果表明：致死100%二龄幼虫（J2）所需的NH3最低质量浓度为136.8 mg/m3;将含4%尿素的4种菌渣分别与土壤按质量比为1∶18的比例混合,在水分含量约60%、28℃下放置3 d时,各处理组释放的氨气质量浓度在130.9～218.7 mg/m3,对根结线虫病的防效在75.7%～92.3%.研究结果显示“菌渣+尿素”熏蒸土壤对防控雪茄烟根结线虫病具有很好的应用潜力.     

温州海区长蛇鲻寄生线虫幼虫的分布模式

作者对温州海区常见30多种经济鱼类作为中间宿主感染寄生虫的情况进行了调查,结果表明15．2％的被检鱼类寄生单殖吸虫,而63．6％的被检鱼类有线虫寄生,文中着重对不同体长组长蛇鲻体内寄生线虫的状况进行研究,随着宿主体长的增长,其感染强度和平均密度有逐渐增加的趋势,宿主体内寄生率及密度占绝对优势的Anisakis simplex幼虫和Contracaecumsp,幼虫在宿主体内的频率分布,表明多数宿主不感染或只感染少量的线虫幼虫,少数宿主感染线虫幼虫数量较大,线虫幼虫在宿主种群的分布格局类型均为聚集分布。     

Two new free-living marine nematode species of the genus Pseudosteineria (Monohysterida: Xyalidae) from the Yellow Sea,China

Two new species of free-living marine nematode, Pseudosteineria sinica sp. nov. and Pseudosteineria zhangi sp. nov., from the Yellow Sea, China are described. Pseudosteineria sinica sp. nov. is characterized by body spindle-shaped, cuticle distinctly annulated; amphidial fovea not visible; spicules unequal in length, the longer one divided into two sections jointed in the middle, the shorter one simple, without indentation; both spicules curved with proximal capitulum, tapered distally; gubernaculum with a dorso-caudal apophysis. Pseudosteineria zhangi sp. nov. is characterized by eight groups of relatively short subcephalic setae; amphidial fovea circular, lying at level of grouped subcephalic setae; spicules paired, equal in length, dissimilar in shape; right spicule slender, left one with a large manubrium proximally; gubernaculum bucket-shaped, with a dorsal apophysis. A key to species is provided for the 13 valid species of the genus.     

The morphology and biology of the entomophilic Thripinema fuscum (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae), and the histopathological effects of parasitism on the host Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

We used light and electron microscopy to detail the in vivo life cycle of the nematode Thripinema fuscum and to determine the effects of parasitism on tissues of the thrips host Frankliniella fusca. The parasitic T. fuscum female produced eggs within 4–5 days after ingress and the host haemocoele became packed with eggs and developing juvenile nematodes. Mature juveniles migrated to the hindgut and fully developed juveniles first emerged from the posterior end of the male or female F. fusca 9 days after parasitization. Parasitization induced a displacement of the host alimentary tract, an atrophy of the ovaries and fat body, and an alteration of energy and waste reserves in host tissues. Our observations reveal a specialized relationship showing that this parasite is well adapted to exploit the host digestive, reproductive and excretory systems.     

Two new free-living marine nematode species of Chromadoridae (Nematoda: Chromadorida) from the Yellow Sea,China

Two new species of free-living marine nematodes, Ptycholaimellus ocellatus sp. nov. and Prochromadorella gracilis sp. nov. from the Yellow Sea, China are described. Ptycholaimellus ocellatus sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of ocelli, an abruptly narrowing anterior cervical region, a cuticle with transverse rows of punctations, a lateral differentiation with two longitudinal rows of thick elongate dots, and voluminous ventral gland with a large ampulla. Prochromadorella gracila sp. nov. is characterized by the combination of lateral differentiations in the anterior pharyngeal region, a small conical stoma with outstretched teeth, slit-like amphidial fovea, and five pre-cloacal supplements.     

植物线虫食道腺及其分泌物研究进展

报道了植物线虫食道腺的结构，在生活史中的变化有其分泌成分的研究进展。     

作物轮作系统对土壤中大豆胞囊线虫胞囊量和单胞囊卵量的影响

采用田间长期定位试验的方法,检测土壤中的胞囊数量和单胞囊卵量,旨在探讨作物轮作方式对大豆胞囊线虫胞囊数量和单胞囊卵量的影响。研究结果显示,连作与轮作大豆田土壤中大豆胞囊线虫胞囊数量15 a连作和轮作分别为62.7个·（100g干土）^-1和67.5个·（100g干土）^-1,16 a连作和轮作分别为63.7个·（100g干土）^-1和64.7个·（100g干土）^-1;麦豆区田间大豆胞囊线虫胞囊数量显著高于米豆区。连作15 a和16 a大豆田的胞囊线虫单胞囊卵量低于50个发生频率分别为93.0%和89.0%;麦米豆轮作区,多于200个卵的胞囊出现频率最高,轮作15 a和16 a分别是51.0%和48.3.%。长期连作大豆虽然没有减少土壤中的胞囊数量,但却使胞囊中的含卵量大大降低。图2,表2,参13。     

昆虫病原线虫耐寒性研究进展

昆虫病原线虫作为一种有潜能的生物防治因子,日益受到国际生防领域的重视。目前,昆虫病原线虫一般采用低温贮存的方式,研究昆虫病原线虫的耐寒机制是昆虫病原线虫用于长期贮存的重要方面。国内外最新研究进展涉及到昆虫病原线虫耐寒性研究方法、耐寒生存和行为策略、耐寒生理和分子机制等方面。     

楸树根结线虫病及其病原线虫的初步研究

作者自1986年5月至1987年11月对山东蒙阴县境内天麻林场等地的楸树根结线虫病的感染率、危害、症状及其病原线虫种类进行了调查,并通过对病原的雌虫、雄虫和二龄侵袭期幼虫的形态观察、测量、寄主反应及北卡罗来纳鉴别寄主试验,确认中山寺林场楸树根结线虫病病原为爪哇根结线虫(Meloido-gyne javanica(Treub,1885),Chitwood,1949),杨庄苗圃病原为北方根结线虫(M.hapla Chitwood,1949),而天麻林场与蒙阴县苗圃病原主要为以上二种根结线虫,其中以爪哇根结线虫为优势种,偶见极少量南方根结线虫(M.incognita Chitwood,1949)。本文还对二种主要病原线虫的重要鉴别特征作了较详细的描述,为楸根结线虫病的防治提供了必要的基础资料。