恒定、匹配的大电流输出电荷泵电路

用TSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺设计了一种应用于5 GHz锁相环型频率合成器中的电荷泵电路.该电路运用单位增益运放电路和自偏置共源共栅电流源电路实现了充放电流的高度匹配.充分利用单位增益运放电路减小电荷泵输出端的电荷共享现象,使电荷泵电路结构较简单并减小了功耗.Spectre后仿真表明,在电源1.8 V、输出电压0.5-1.3 V,充放电流失配率小于0.8%,电流绝对值偏移率小于0.6%,最大功耗8.53 mW.     

高稳定度可控高压脉冲源设计与实现

高稳定度可控高压脉冲源是静电高压动态电位标准装置的系统组成之一,要求具有较高的输出电压,且必须有DC~1 kHz的频率变化范围.应用脉冲调制技术,采用脉冲调制电子管输出高压脉冲的方案,设计研制出的可控高压脉冲源,不仅输出脉冲波形规则、稳定性好,而且对外界电磁干扰小,满足了静电动态电位测试仪器校准的需要.     

Influencing Factors of Ammonium Nitrogen Removal by Composite Phosphate and Magnesium

It is necessary to adjust reaction pH when a single kind of PO43is used as phosphorus source to remove NH4 - N in a chemical precipitation process. However, this tedious step could be avoided in experiments that use the buffering effect of the composite phosphate and employ PO43and HPO42as phosphorus sources, pH was controlled by properly changing the proportion of PO43to HPO42-. The influences of pH, material proportion and different addition modes of magnesium on NH4 -N removal efficiency were investigated, with NH4 -N concentration in influent being 200 mg/L. It showed that the ratio of HPO42: PO43was concerned with phosphorus and NH4 -N removal. Under the condition that the total amount of phosphate is definite, the removal efficiency of NH4 -N decreased with the enhancement of HPO42concentration, while the efficiency of phosphorus increased. When increasing PO43concentration, it benefited the removal of NH4 -N, but the remaining phosphorus was high. The results showed that NH4 -N concentration decreased from the initial 200 mg/L to 39.14 mg/L with the remaining PO43at 5.14 mg/L if the ratio of HPO42: PO43remained at 1 : 3.     

试论美国法的形成与发展及其渊源

美国是普通法系国家,其法律制度与英国法之间存在历史渊源关系,美国法是与英国法相提并论的普通法系的核心,但美国法在继承和改造英国法的基础上,形成了与英国法有很大区别的独具特色的法律体系。美、英法的区别在法的渊源上表现为美国法虽以判例为基础,但其制定法的比重和作用比普通法大得多,而英国法最基本的部分仍是普通法。现在美国在大多数法律领域里,“法规”①为主要的法律形态。美、英法的渊源明显不同的根源可以从美国法的形成与发展中探寻,美国国家创始人特定的社会政治理想在其中起到了非常重要的作用。     

我国环境中有害重金属的来源与分布及防治对策

就当前我国环境中有害重金属的来源及分布作了简要阐述,对如何防治重金属污染进行了探讨。     

FCC油浆热转化制备中间相沥青的研究

研究了催化裂化(FCC)油浆在热转化过程中生成高含量中间相沥青的规律。采用程序升温、多管井式坩埚炉进行热转化反应,通过族组成分析、光学显微镜、核磁共振、以及元素分析研究了FCC油浆热转化过程中中间相沥青的形成规律。实验结果表明:中间相沥青形成经历了3个阶段,即微晶形成、微晶生长及中间相小球融并,前2个阶段是缓慢过程,后1个阶段是快速过程。随着温度的升高,不溶物的浓度呈现出不断升高的趋势。     

浅谈燃气具气源适配性检测

文章从燃气的分类入手，介绍了燃气器具的种类，阐明了气源适配性检测的重要性和必要性。     

控制东营凹陷烃源岩排烃的几个关键因素

通过东营凹陷钻井取心的观察及不同结构烃源岩地质地球化学特征的比较,从内因、外因两个方面对烃源岩排烃的控制因素进行了分析,并且就烃源岩岩性结构对排烃及成藏的控制作用进行了初步研究.认为内因为有机质类型、丰度及成熟度,反映烃源岩中生烃母质的特征,东营凹陷大量样品测试结果显示烃源岩的生烃潜量、排烃量与有机质丰度呈良好的线性关系;外部因素包括源岩的结构、源岩内有效的运移通道、压力的分布及外部的构造运动等各种地质作用及内、外部环境.研究结果表明,东营凹陷主力烃源岩沙四上及沙三下段具有多种岩性结构形式,其中沙四上及沙三下下部主要发育纹层状泥页岩,油气以远距离侧向运移为主;沙三下上部及沙三中主要发育块状泥岩,油气以垂向运移为主.不同的排烃方式造成了油气分布的差异,沙四型原油分布于凹陷外围,沙三型原油分布于凹陷内围,混合型原油分布于中间地带.     

Water-vapor source shift of Xinjiang region during the recent twenty years

The aim of this paper is to investigate the climate water-vapor sources of Xinjiang region and their shifts during the past 20 years. First, the principle and steps are roughly regulated to seek the water-vapor sources. Second, the climate stationary water-vapor transport in troposphere is calculated to distinguish where the water vapor comes from by ERA-40 reanalysis. In addition, the collocation between the transport and the atmospheric column water vapor content is analyzed. The results show that the major vapor comes from the west side of Xinjiang for mid-month of seasons, apart from July while the water vapor comes from the north or northwest direction. The water vapor sources are different for different seasons, for example, the Caspian Sea and Mediterranean are the sources in January and April, the North Atlantic and the Arctic sea in July, and the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in October, respectively. In recent ten years more water vapor above Xinjiang comes from the high latitudes and the Arctic sea with global warming, and less from Mediterranean in comparison with the case of 1973—1986. In fact, the air over subtropics becomes dry and the anomalous water vapor transport direction turns to west or southwest during 1987—2000. By contrast, the air over middle and high latitudes is warmer and wetter than 14 years ago.     

条形射频源大口径离子束刻蚀机性能(英文)

针对大尺寸基底往复扫描条形离子束来实现大面积刻蚀的特点,实验测试了基于射频感应耦合等离子体离子源大型离子束刻蚀机的性能.利用法拉第筒扫描探测系统在线测量束流密度,通过控制气体流量、调节加速电压等,得到了纵向束流密度±5.3%均匀性的较好结果.刻蚀实验表明40 cm长度范围刻蚀深度均匀性为±5.4%,同时具有较好的束流稳定性.添加束阑,并结合掩模修正束流,会得到更好的束流密度与刻蚀深度均匀性.