松嫩平原盐碱化草地改良治理的研究

松嫩平原草地目前出现大面积盐碱化和碱斑，严重影响畜牧业的发展，加速生态环境的恶化，对其进行改良和治理已是科研和生产亟待解决的问题，我们在出现大面积盐碱斑的草地上开展了自然封育，生物，化学，物理和工程等改良治理的研究，通过多年的实验，证明上述措施都有一定的效果，但以生物措施治盐碱效果为最好，为今后碱化草地的改良治理提供了理论依据和治理措施。     

长江河口及其邻近海域的自然环境

本文概述了长江河口演变过程和水下三角洲酌形成机理,河口地区潮汐作用、波浪作用和近岸流系的性质以及长江口外淡水扩散及其对邻近海域的影响等问题。本文还讨论了长江河口环流类型和特征、最大浑浊带分布及其变化、潮滩和水下三角洲的发育以及河口地区生物与环境的关系等。根据上述多方面环境因子的分析并进行汇总,作者对长江河口及其邻近海域的自然环境特征作出了评价。     

海底悬空管道弹性约束静态分析

由于海浪的冲刷,海底管道会出现悬空段,当悬空段较长时,管道在波浪及海流的作用下将会发生破坏。对海底悬空管道所受的环境载荷进行了计算,把海底土壤对管道的约束视为弹性约束,推导出了弹性约束时的系数矩阵,建立了相应的有限元分析模型,并开发了相应的计算机软件。该软件不仅可以计算立管与水平管连接处悬空管段的强度,还能计算静强度下的临界悬空长度。将弹性约束与刚性约束时的计算结果进行了对比,结果表明,当海底地层较硬时,弹性约束与固定端约束的计算值相差不大;当地层较软时,弹性约束时管道中的最大应力比固定端约束的要大,而临界悬空长度相差不多。     

洞庭湖平原稻田蜘蛛群落越冬生态分析

通过系统调查，洞庭湖平原越冬稻田蜘蛛群落共有8科16属21种，其中拟水狼蛛（Pirata subpi-raticus）和食虫沟瘤蛛（Ummeliata insecticeps）为优势种，对稻田蜘蛛的越冬蛛态、赵冬场所及行为进行了较系统的报道，并为稻田蜘蛛的保护提供了一些对策。     

低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程组织演变机制

低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程将发生形变强化相变及铁素体的动态再结晶,导致晶粒超细化.与未形变的过冷奥氏体等温转变相比,形变极大地促进了奥氏体向铁素体的转变,使铁素体形核率急剧升高,铁素体晶粒尺寸显著降低.形变强化相变是一以形核为主的过程.在形变后期,当形变强化相变铁素体转变基本完成后,将发生铁素体的动态回复和动态再结晶.比较不同应变速率对组织演变影响的结果表明,应变速率较低条件下,易形成铁素体与第2组织层状分布的条带特征;应变速率较高时,组织的条带特征不显著.     

Correlation of coral fluorescence with nearshore rainfall and runoff in Hainan Island, South China Sea

Under UV-laser excitation, the Porites coral from Longwan bay waters. Hainan Island, could emit yellow-green fluorescence. After fitting the data of the fluorescent intensity (FI) of the coral with the rainfall (RF) in nearshore area of Qionghai. a good relationship between FI and RF was found with a linear formula of RF = 889 — 4.54 FI and a correlation coefficient of 0.78. Based on this formula, the rainfall sequence from 1982 to 1997 has been reconstructed. The peak annual rainfall is usually related to global El nino events. By fitting the data of the fluorescent intensity and the runoff (RO). a quadric formula was obtained as RO = — 0.0279FI —18.59 FI - 950.9 with a correlation coefficient of 0.74. The reconstructed runoff sequence from 1982 to 1997 coincided with the rainfall occurrence. The results indicate that flood and drought incidents in coastal areas of the south China are affected by global change to a great extent.     

径向滑动轴承中流体从层流到紊流的流动分析和转变判据研究

本文推导了有限长圆柱轴承油膜流体流动的约束方程和固壁上的压力边条,用原始变量法直接求解了三维完全的N-S方程,计算分析了有限长圆柱轴承中油膜层流失稳的临界Taylor数、流场、压力场和摩擦阻力,并通过实验对临界Taylor数进行了验证,结果表明,在有限长轴承中,随着转速的提高,摩擦阻力线性增加,层流失稳出现的涡动将增加摩擦阻力,随着偏心率的增加,层流失稳的临界转速将提高.     

安徽省黄淮海平原土地利用现状初步研究

本文在研究安徽省黄淮海平原土地资源特点、土地利用现状后，分析了该区在土地利用方面存在的若干问题，并针对性地提出四点合理利用土地资源的建议：1尽力保护并充分利用现有耕地；2充分利用水域和工矿废地；3积极发展庭院经济，开发利用庄体空隙地；4坚决实施土地法规，严格土地管理。     

静载荷滑动轴承接触摩擦故障的振动特征与故障诊断

基于最小试验故障模的诊断原则,在静载荷滑动轴承试验台上,采用从液体润滑状态逐步向干摩擦状态过渡的方法,模拟了不同工况轴颈与轴承接触摩擦故障的发生、发展过程,然后对振动信号的故障特征进行分析,并提取出诊断特征参数.为使故障诊断尽可能快捷方便,易于现场推广和实用,将特征参数进行了归一化处理,即将故障时的特征参数除以同工况下正常时的特征参数,得到无量纲特征参数,然后再将若干个无量纲特征参数进行适当的数学组合,组成无量纲诊断准则,避免了模式识别建立标准模的困难.结果表明:无量纲诊断准则对工况不敏感,而对故障更敏感,可用于变工况下工作的滑动轴承故障诊断,且诊断成本较低.     

Numerical simulation on the evolution of sediment waves caused by turbidity currents

Interest in the forming mechanism of sediment waves increases recently because of its significance on submarine engineering, sedimentary dynamics and hydrocarbon reservoir prediction in deep water. In this paper, the time-averaged continuity equations and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are applied in the numerical simulation of fluid dynamics. The modeling results are used to illuminate the effects of topography on turbidity current and explore the origin of submarine sediment waves. The research results show that (1) deposition occurs firstly at the lower ramp due to the deceleration of fluid, increase of density, loss of flow capacity and longer duration of flow passage; (2) density increase at the upslope due to the local jam results in velocity decrease and pressure increase; (3) sediment waves begin to be formed and migrated toward upstream in an area far away from the source with in- crease of the turbidity events; (4) deposition becomes more slowly with decrease of grain sizes, but the shape and sequences of these deposits are controlled by topography, not grain size.