光谱分辨率的选取对食用油近红外模型性能影响分析

近红外光谱仪的类型和工作参数的设定对测量过程和分析结果均有一定影响.重点讨论了在傅立叶变换型光谱仪上设定不同的光谱分辨率对食用油近红外定量模型性能的影响.实验采用Vertex 70光谱仪,在3种光谱分辨率(4,8,16 cm-1)条件下,采用透射式液体光纤探头采集60份食用油样品近红外谱图.针对3组近红外光谱样品集,分别采用蒙特卡罗采样法剔除异常样品,根据Kennard-Stone法划分校正集和校验集后,建立优化食用油棕榈酸近红外定量分析模型并作预测.结果表明基于16 cm-1建立的食用油近红外模型指标优于4 cm-1和8 cm-1所建的模型,该结果可以为均匀液体作近红外检测时光谱分辨率的设定提供参考.     

MPA包覆的银纳米粒子修饰电极制备和电化学表征

运用自组装和电化学组装法,将MPA包裹的银纳米粒子修饰到金电极表面,制备成银纳米粒子单层和多层膜修饰电极. 循环电压-电流和电化学阻抗谱测定结果表明:以MPA包覆的银纳米粒子修饰电极的氧化电位明显负移,显示出银纳米粒子具有更高的活性. 以0.5mmol/L的K3[Fe(CN)6]溶液为检测体系,电化学阻抗谱测试得出电极表面对探针分子的阻碍作用有所增加. 循环电压-电流结果表明:与单层膜修饰电极相比,多层膜修饰电极的峰电流显著增加.     

酚藏花红与DNA作用的光谱研究

用光谱法研究了带有吩嗪基团的酚藏花红与DNA的相互作用.研究表明,酚藏花红能嵌入到DNA骨架的碱基对之间,在实验允许的误差范围内,用不同的光谱法测得的结合常数一致,均为104L·mol-1数量级,结合位点数约为7.阴离子KI的荧光猝灭实验进一步证实了酚藏花红与DNA之间的嵌入作用.该研究为以DNA为靶的药物设计提供了一种新的嵌入剂功能团.     

光声光谱技术在光合作用研究中的应用

当光照射密闭容器里的样品时,容器内能产生声波,这一现象称为光声效应,光声光谱是基于光声效应的一种光谱技术。由于光声光谱技术本身的特点,光合作用研究领域越来越多地应用该技术研究光合作用的机理,比如：光谱扫描、光声能量储存的性质、环式电子传递、状态转变与爱默生效应、光反应中心的原初光化学过程、光声瞬态研究、环境胁迫等。光声光谱技术在光合作用研究中的应用,开拓了视野,丰富了对光合作用机理的认识。     

大气压下双电极和三电极介质阻挡放电的比较研究

电极结构对介质阻挡放电(DBD)的特性有重要影响,研究DBD的电极结构以及等离子体参数对优化DBD反应器运行参数和提高放电效率具有重要意义.针对于此,本文研究了交流电源激励下的双电极DBD和三电极DBD的放电特性,比较了它们的放电图像,电压和光信号波形的异同,不同电压幅值下放电参量的变化,以及放电在300~800 nm的发射光谱.结果表明,双电极DBD和三电极DBD由于放电装置的不对称性,正负半周期的放电均存在不对称性;发射光谱中都包含N₂的第二正带系(C-B)(含波长为337.1 nm的谱线),N₂的第一正带系(B-A),N⁺₂的第一负带系(A-X)(含波长为391.4 nm的谱线),以及777.4 nm处氧原子谱线,但相对强度不同;与双电极DBD相比,三电极DBD具有起始电压低,放电产生活性粒子多,发光强度大的特点.     

祁连山玉石沟橄榄岩中非生物成因甲烷‒石墨流体包裹体及其形成条件

研究北祁连造山带玉石沟橄榄岩中富甲烷流体包裹体。激光拉曼光谱原位分析结果显示, 这些流体包裹体主要由液态或气态 CH₄+C(石墨)组成, 次要成分为N₂, H₂O, C₂H₆和C₃H₈, 代表还原性的C-H流体形式。根据石墨的拉曼特征谱峰, 利用石墨化碳质拉曼光谱(RSCM)温度计计算石墨形成温度, 结果指示石墨在流体中沉淀的最低温度介于430~590°C之间, 表明CH₄+C是非生物成因的, 并形成于地幔环境。     

Dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanism in Aurivillius ceramic Bi5Ti3FeO15

For this study, we synthesized Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic using the generic solid-state reaction route and then performed room-temperature X-ray diffraction to confirm that the compound had a single phase with no impurities. The surface morphology of the prepared sample was observed to contain microstructural grains approximately 0.2–2 μm in size. The dielectric properties of the sample were determ-ined as a function of frequency in a range of approximately 100 Hz to 1 MHz at various temperatures (303 K ≤ T ≤ 773 K). Nyquist plots of the impedance data were found to exhibit a semi-circular arc in the high-temperature region, which is explained by the equivalent electrical circuit (R1C1)(R2QC2), where R1 and R2 represent the resistances associated with the grains and grain boundaries, respectively, C1 and C2 are the re-spective capacitances, and Q is the constant phase element (CPE), which accounts for non-Debye type of behavior. Our results indicate that both the resistance and capacitance of the grain boundaries are more prominent than those of the grains. The alternating current (ac) conductiv-ity data were analyzed based on the Jonscher universal power law, which indicated that the conduction process is dominated by the hopping mechanism. The calculated activation energies of the relaxation and conduction processes were very similar (0.32 to 0.53 eV), from which we conclude that the same type of charge carriers are involved in both processes.     

Effect of Co substitution on the structural,dielectric and optical properties of KBiFe2O5

Cobalt (Co)-modified brownmillerite KBiFe2O5 (KBFO; [KBiFe2(1?x)Co2xO5 (x = 0, 0.05)]) polycrystalline is synthesized following the solid-state reaction route. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data confirmed the phase purity of KBFO and KBiFe1.9Co0.1O5 (KBFCO). The optical bandgap energy (Eg) of KBFO decreased from 1.59 to 1.51 eV because of Co substitution. The decrease in bandgap can be attributed to the tilting of the Fe–O tetrahedral structure of KBFCO. The observed room-temperature Raman peaks of KBFCO shifted by 3 cm?1 toward a lower wavenumber than that of KBFO. The shift in Raman active modes can be attributed to the change in the bond angles and bond lengths of the Fe–O tetrahedral structure and modification in response to oxygen deficiency in KBFO because of Co doping. Compared with that of KBFO, the frequency-dependent dielectric constant and dielectric loss of KBFCO decrease at room temperature, which is a con-sequence of the reduction in oxygen migration and modification in response to vibrational modes present in the sample.     

Interaction of Co, Mn, Mg and Al with d(GCCCATGGC) and d(CCGGGCCCGG): a spectroscopic study

Spectroscopic study of the interactions of metal ions, Co, Mn, Mg and Al with d(GCCCATGGGC) and d(CCGGGCCCGG) revealed the following. Metal ions Mn, Al and Mg at the lowest concentrations enhanced the t _m of oligomers, whereas Mn and Mg at higher concentrations decreased the t _m . Co enhanced the t _m of oligomers at higher concentrations. The studies have also indicated that Mn at lower concentrations displaced EtBr fluorescence, Mg and Co at moderate concentrations and Al only at higher concentrations. Addition of Co, Mn, Mg and Al altered the bands of the circulars dichroism (CD) spectra of the oligomers in a concentration-dependent manner. The CD spectra of d(GCCCATGGGC) and d(CCGGGCCCGG) indicated B and Z forms of DNA, respectively, in contrast to the A form observed in the crystal structures. Mg and Co at different ionic strength induced Z–B transition in d(CCGGGCCCGG), while Al at higher concentrations induced a Z–A transition. Mn did not induce any transition. This is the first report to show that Al causes structural transitions in sequence-specific oligomers and has strong binding ability with GC-rich euchromatin oligomers. Received 22 December 1997; received after revision 16 March 1998; accepted 16 March 1998     

TiAlN 保护膜的制备及结构研究

用反应磁控溅射方法制备了ＴｉＡｌＮ薄膜,结构分析表明,当Ｔｉ的含量小于０．２５时,ＴｉＡｌＮ薄膜是Ａｌ基氮化物的闪锌矿结构,但晶格常数随Ｔｉ原子含量的增加而增大．Ｘ射线光电子能谱分析表明,ＴｉＡｌＮ薄膜有与ＡｌＮ和ＴｉＮ不同的电子结构特征．