纳米压痕法测量纳米晶金属Cu薄膜力学性能的研究

采用纳米压痕法测量了不同厚度（180～1000nm）的纳米晶Cu膜的硬度和弹性模量.结果表明,Cu膜硬度与厚度的关系类似于Hall-Petch关系,而弹性模量与厚度无关,其值相比块体粗晶Cu下降了约20%,分析位移-载荷曲线发现晶粒尺寸越大的Cu膜其位移跳跃现象越明显.另外,对于不同厚度的Cu膜其临界剪切应力的范围约在3.02～4.07GPa之间,基本接近粗晶Cu的理论剪切强度,位错塞积依然是其塑性变形的主要机制.     

纳米CeO2粉体发光性能的研究

采用草酸沉淀法制备了纳米CeO2粉体,通过XRD、TEM等测试手段对其进行了结构表征和形貌分析;应用荧光光谱法对样品的发光性能进行了测试;探讨了纳米CeO2粉体的发光机理以及热处理温度对其发光性能的影响．结果表明,实验所得的纳米CeO2为立方萤石结构,其颗粒尺寸约为20-30nm,形貌接近于球形．纳米CeO2粉体具有良好的紫蓝色发光性能,主要是Ce4f→O2p跃迁和缺陷能级→O2p跃迁共同作用的结果,其发光强度随热处理温度的升高而增强．     

γ′-Fe4N纳米晶薄膜的结构及低温磁性

采用直流磁控溅射方法, 在Si(100)单晶衬底上制备γ′-Fe₄N纳米晶薄膜样品, 并利用X射线衍射(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品的结构和磁性进行测试分析, 给出了比饱和磁化强度及矫顽力与温度的关系. 结果表明, 样品沿(111)晶面择优生长, 具有单一的易磁化方向, 且易磁化方向平行于（111）晶面. 随着测量温度的降低, γ′-Fe₄N纳米晶薄膜样品的比饱和磁化强度σ_s增加, 矫顽力H_c增大, 剩磁比σ_r/σ_s减小. 通过理论拟合确定了比饱和磁化强度与矫顽力随温度的变化关系, 矫顽力随温度的变化满足T^1/2规律, 比饱和磁化强度σ_s与温度不满足Bloch的T^3/2规律, 表明在80~350 K温度范围内自旋波之间存在较强的相互作用.      

High-pressure synthesis and properties of CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution

Using nanoparticles of CeO₂ and ZrO₂ prepared by the chemical precipitation method as starting materials, the singlephase cubic Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ solid solution (cCe_0.5Zr_0.5O₂) has been synthesized under 3.1 GPa at 1073 K for the first time. The structure of the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ has not been changed before and after annealing at 773 K for 1 h. Only an unknown EPR signal (g =1.990) has been observed in the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ and not varied after annealing at 773 K for 1 h, which exhibited that there exists no Ce³⁺ in the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ and the Ce⁴⁺ has not been reduced into Ce³⁺ after annealing. The transport mechanism is ionic for the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂. The bulk conductivity (σ =1.2 ×10⁻⁵ S/cm at 823 K, σ=2.1 × 10⁻³ S/cm at 1123 K) is the same as that of CeO₂, but smaller than that of Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂. A marked curvature at T = 823 K has been observed in the Arrhenius plot of the bulk conductivity. The activation energy below 823 K is lower than that above 823 K, and the reason has been discussed.     

快速凝固AlFeVSiNd纳米合金薄带时效过程

采用透射电镜和X射线衍射谱研究了快凝AlFeVSiNd弥散纳米晶合金薄带在时效处理过程中微结构变化,结果表明:快凝AlFeVSiNd纳米晶合金微结构随热处理温度而变化,先是出现元素偏聚现象,而后,Al8Fe4Nd相开始溶解,同时αAl13(Fe,V)3Si相开始析出·测量了时效处理前后样品的力学性能,出现类似传统铝合金时效硬化的现象·     

BaTiO3纳米晶的制备和表征

以硬脂酸、氢氧化钡和钛酸四丁酯为原料,用Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ法合成了纳米级ＢａＴｉＯ３。在空气中以高于６００℃的几个不同温度下焙烧凝得到不同粒径的纳米晶,用ＩＲ、ＤＴＡ表征了从前体到凝胶、凝胶到结晶的转变过程。ＢａＴｉＯ３纳米晶样品通过ＴＥＭ考察其粒度和形貌,用粒度分布测定仪测试其粒径分布并与ＴＥＭ的结果比较,由ＸＲＤ表征其晶相。     

Co3O4纳米粉体材料的制备

报道了一种液相控制沉淀与分解制备Co3O4超微粉的方法,研究表明,采用液相沉淀控制技术,无需引入高分子保护剂,同样可以制备出晶粒细小、粒度分布均匀、无团聚的高质量Co3O4超微粉,该法工艺简单、成本低、产率高。     

Chemical treatments of the nanocrystalline porous TiO2 electrodes

Two types of nanocrystalline porous TiO₂ electrodes were prepared by the hydrothermal and painting methods. The incident photon-to-current efficiency and photoelectrical conversion efficiency were both improved by chemical treatments of titanium tetrachloride and titanium isopropoxide. The surface roughness, quantities of adsorbed dye, photocurrent-voltage curves, IR spectra and UV-visible absorption spectra were measured, and the mechanism of chemical treatments was discussed.     

纳米材料特点及研究动态

综合纳米材料的早期和近期研究成果,阐述了作为一种新兴材料的纳米晶体的结构特点,并总结了纳米材料的一些特异性能及制备方法;在讲述了纳米材料研究现状及应用之后,提出了展望。     

纳米晶化学太阳能电池的研究进展

概述了纳米晶化学太阳电池的研究近况,介绍了纳米晶化学电池的结构、工作原理,并对这一领域的发展进行了展望。