织构对纳米晶纯镍镀层耐蚀性能的影响

采用脉冲电镀法在黄铜表面制备出具有(111)、(200)和(220)晶面择优生长织构的纳米晶纯镍镀层.采用扫描电镜对镀层的显微形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射对不同晶面织构的择优性进行表征,并对镀层在3.5％ NaCl溶液中的动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗谱进行了测试,研究不同织构镀层的耐蚀性能.不同织构镀层的耐蚀性能存在显著差异:具有(220)强织构的镀层耐蚀性最差,其自腐蚀电流密度最大,为1.23μA·cm-2,镀层的电荷转移电阻为2.09 kΩ·cm2;具有(200)强织构的镀层耐蚀性能最佳,镀层的电荷转移电阻为27.32 kΩ·cm2,自腐蚀电流密度为0.15 μA·cm-2;具有(111)织构镀层的耐蚀性居中.认为织构引起的表面胞状物的差别是造成纯镍镀层耐蚀性能不同的原因.     

煅烧铟锡氢氧化物和氯化钠混合粉末制备铟锡氧化物纳米粉体

铟锡氧化物（ITO）是一种重要的半导体材料,制备团聚轻、颗粒细小的ITO纳米粉体具有重要的意义。在500℃下煅烧铟锡氢氧化物[Sn：In（OH）3]和NaCl的混合粉末2h,然后冷却并经过水洗制备ITO纳米粉体。XRD和TEM研究结果表明,利用NaCl颗粒能有效阻止纳米粉体硬团聚的形成。ITO纳米粉体结晶良好,平均颗粒尺寸为18min,尺寸分布窄、团聚轻。本工艺为合成无机纳米粉体提供了一种新的方法。     

纳米微晶纤维素改性的石墨烯增强聚乙烯醇膜的研究

通过将纳米微晶纤维素(NCC)通过氢键作用吸附在还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)上,制备了纳米微晶纤维素改性的石墨烯(NCC-RGO),并将其作为填料,用溶液混合法制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合膜.对复合膜的结构及其吸水率,热稳定性和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:NCC能够有效的防止RGO的团聚,NCC-RGO能在水中稳定分散.NCC-RGO作为填料能够减小复合膜的吸水率,提高复合膜的拉伸性能和热稳定性能.其中,NCC/RGO质量比为1∶1,NCC-RGO与PVA的质量比为1.0%的复合膜综合性能较好.     

纳米镁铝尖晶石粉体的低温燃烧合成与表征

以硝酸盐和蔗糖为原料,利用低温燃烧合成制备纳米镁铝尖晶石(MgAl_2O_4)粉体,研究了不同煅烧温度、气氛以及加热速率等因素对纳米MgAl_2O_4粉体特性的影响.结果表明:随着前驱体煅烧温度的升高,纳米MgAl_2O_4晶粒尺寸逐渐增大;在O2环境中煅烧前驱体可以降低纯MgAl_2O_4相的形成温度,促进反应物质扩散、增大晶粒尺寸.在快速升温、蔗糖与硝酸盐物质的量比为2∶1以及通入O2的条件下,在400℃下煅烧生成MgAl_2O_4相,700℃时得到单相MgAl_2O_4纳米粉体.低温燃烧合成制备纳米MgAl_2O_4粉体结晶度高、晶粒尺寸细小,呈松散的软团聚态,有利于降低MgAl_2O_4陶瓷致密化烧结温度.     

Hydroxyapatite/alumina nanocrystalline composite powders synthesized by sol-gel process for biomedical applications

Hydroxyapatite/alumina nanocrystalline composite powders needed for various biomedical applications were successfully synthesized by sol-gel process. Structural and morphological investigations of the prepared composite powders were performed using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X’Pert HighScore software, and Clemex Vision image analysis software. The results show that the crystallite size of the obtained composite powders is in the range of 25 to 90 nm. SEM evaluation shows that the obtained composite powders have a porous structure, which is very useful for biomedical applications. The spherical nanoparticles in the range of 60 to 800 nm are embedded in the agglomerated clusters of the prepared composite powders.     

纳米晶与非晶Mm(NiCoMnAl)_5结构及氢扩散系数研究

通过循环伏安法测定了纳米晶态与非晶态Mm(NiCoMnAl),贮氢合金电极中的氢扩散系数,并利用XRD、TEM和SAED对贮氢合金进行了结构表征.结果表明:纳米晶合金比非晶合金具有更高的结晶度和细小的晶粒尺寸,大量的晶界为氢原子提供了良好的扩散通道,有利于氢在合金中的扩散,提高了合金电极中氢的扩散系数.     

Synthesis of nanocrystalline NiCrC alloy feedstock powders for thermal spraying by cryogenic ball milling

Nanocrystalline NiCrC alloy powders with a qualified particle size distribution for thermal spraying were synthesized using the cryogenic ball milling (cryomilling) method. The morphology, microstructure, size distribution, and phase transformation of the powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser scattering for particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After cryomilling for 20 h, the average grain size of the as-milled powders approached a constant value of 30 nm by XRD measurement. The average particle size slightly increased from 17.5 to 20.3 μm during the 20-h milling. About 90vol% of the powders satisfied the requirement for thermal spraying with the particle dimension of 10-50 μm, and most of the powders exhibited spherical morphology, which were expected to have good fluidity during thermal spraying. The Cr₂O₃ phase formed during the cryornilling process as revealed in the XRD spectra, which was expected to enhance the thermal stability of the as-milled powders during the followed thermal spraying or other heat treatment.     

醇水溶液中ZnO-TiO2纳米晶的合成及其光催化性能研究

采用液相方法89℃下,通过在二水合醋酸锌的醇溶液中加入预制的TiO2纳米晶可以合成ZnO-TiO2纳米晶,并且无杂相。ZnO-TiO2纳米晶呈球状分布,平均粒径为12nm～15nm。可通过TiO2纳米晶加入量的控制,制备不同锌钛比例的ZnO-TiO2纳米晶。制备的ZnO-TiO2纳米晶具有良好的光催化性能,其中所制备的纳米晶中TiO2百分含量为42%～50%左右时,光催化活性较高。     

开关电源磁芯材料的纳米晶合金高频损耗行为

报道了新开发的纳米晶Fe73.5Cu1Nb2V1Si13.5B9合金退火态的高频损耗性能．采用三维拟合方法替代传统的二维拟合，可具有更小的估算误差．经过分析得出，在频率为30～1000kHz和幅值磁通密度为0．01～1．0T范围内，高频动态矫顽力Hc和高频铁损近似与幅值磁通密度Bm和频率成幂函数关系，而常用高频区与超高频区的铁损行为存在一定的差异．同时，给出了幅值磁通密度和频率乘积恒定时高频铁损与频率的关系式，为变压器的实际设计应用提供了参考．     

均相沉淀法制备α-Fe2O3纳米晶的研究

以FeCl3·6H2O为源物质,尿素作沉淀剂,采用均相沉淀法制备α-Fe2O3纳米晶,讨论了温度、沉淀剂用量、pH值等因素对试验的影响,并用TEM、XRD对所得样品进行表征.结果表明,均相沉淀法制得的α-Fe2O3纳米晶分散性好,粒度分布均匀,粒径为20nm,适合于工业规模生产.