Gd表面磁控溅射保护膜耐腐蚀性能研究

为了提高磁致冷材料Gd在腐蚀介质中的耐腐蚀性,采用磁控溅射技术,在磁致冷材料Gd表面溅射一层保护材料(Al、Cu),研究在不同介质中对Gd腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:磁控溅射Al膜对Gd起了明显的保护作用;Cu膜由于与基体Gd结合较差,未起到保护作用.     

In-situ reduced graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite coatings as protective layers on magnesium substrates

A simple and feasible method was developed to fabricate in-situ reduced graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite(GO-PVA) coatings as protective layers on magnesium substrates.Polyvinyl alcohol was used as an in-situ reductant to transform GO into reduced GO.Contiguous and uniform GO-PVA coatings were prepared on magnesium substrates by dip-coating method,and were further thermally treated at 120 ℃ under ambient condition to obtain in-situ reduced GO-PVA coatings.Owing to the reducing effect of PVA.thermal treatment at low temperature led to effective in-situ reduction of GO as confirmed by XRD,Raman,FTIR and XPS tests.The corrosion current density of magnesium substrates in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution could be lowered to its 1/25 when using in-situ reduced GO-PVA coatings as protective layers.     

PVA、聚丙烯纤维和硅烷基粉末对隧道防火涂料性能的影响

在隧道防火涂料配方中加入聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚丙烯纤维及硅烷基粉末进行改性,并进行宏观试验(粘结、耐火、抗渗和抗裂试验)和微观试验(孔结构、电镜扫描和热重分析试验)研究.试验结果表明:在隧道防火涂料中掺入适量的PVA、聚丙烯纤维和硅烷基粉末,可以优化孔结构、改善界面过渡区、使内部受力更均匀,从而提高隧道防火涂料的粘结强度、抗渗和抗裂性能.     

纳米Al_2O_3/MC尼龙6原位复合材料的晶型转变

采用原位阴离子聚合法制备PA6/Al2O3纳米复合材料,借助广角X射线衍射(WXRD)研究其晶型结构和晶型转变.结果表明,淬冷样品均呈现单一的γ晶型;在较高温度下退火2 h后,Al2O3的引入更有利于基体PA6的γ晶型向α晶型转变;纯PA6的Brill转变温度在150～180 ℃之间,Al2O3质量分数为1.0%的PA6/Al2O3原位复合材料的Brill转变温度130～150 ℃之间.     

SnO2／碳纳米管纳米复合材料的制备及表征

采用水热的方法,将纳米SnO2负载在多壁碳纳米管（CNTs）表面,制备得到SnO2负载多壁碳纳米管复合材料（SnO2／CNTs）。通过X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了不同反应条件对产物形貌的影响。结果表明,通过改变溶液的浓度可以控制SnO2／CNTs纳米复合材料的形貌。     

Preparation and optical properties of composite thin films with embedded InP nanoparticles

InP nanoparticles embedded in SiO₂ thin films were prepared by radio-frequency magnetron co-sputtering. We analyzed the structure and growth behavior of the composite films under different preparation conditions. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that InP nanoparticles have a polycrystalline structure. The average size of InP nanoparticles is in the range of 3–10 nm. The broadening and red shift of the Raman peaks were observed, which can be interpreted by the phonon confinement model. Optical transmission spectra indicate that the optical absorption edges of the films can be modulated in the visible light range. The marked blue shift of the absorption edge with respect to that of bulk InP is explained by the quantum confinement effect. The theoretical values of the blue shift predicted by the effective mass approximation model are different from the experimental results for the InP-SiO₂ system. Analyses indicate that the exciton effective mass of the InP nanoparticles is not constant and is inverse relative to the particles radius, which may be the main reason that results in the discrepancy between the theoretical and the experimental result. We discussed the possible transition of the direct band gap to the indirect band gap for InP nanoparticles embedded in SiO₂ thin films.     

钛／羟基磷灰石涂层的电沉积过程及其结构特征

采用电沉积方法在钛金属基底上形成磷酸钙盐涂层,涂层经低温碱液处理获取羟基磷灰石涂层。研究了电流密度、主盐浓度、电解液温度、沉积电量、低温碱液处理对涂层表面形貌的影响,并用SEM、ZRD和IR对涂层的组成和结构进行分析。结果表明：电沉积磷酸钙盐涂层经低温碱液处理后得到纯的羟基磷灰石涂层,羟基磷灰石晶体呈针状结构;随电流密度、主盐浓度的增加,晶粒变粗,随电解液温度的升高,晶体发生变化,出现鳞片状结构;涂层质量随沉积电量的增加而增长。     

组合材料芯片技术在Zn-Al合金镀层组分优选中的应用

组合材料芯片技术是材料研究的一种全新方法,能够高效、快速地筛选、优化新材料.按照组合材料芯片技术筛选结果,具有良好力学和耐蚀性能的Zn-Al合金中Al含量应控制在50%～75％,其中Al含量为72.6%时性能最佳.选择纯锌、55Al-Zn和72Al-Zn三种组分进行热浸镀和耐蚀性比较及机理研究.结果表明,72Al-Zn合金的耐蚀性稍优于55Al-Zn,都明显优于纯锌.这与组合材料芯片技术筛选结果一致,表明该组合材料芯片技术在优选Zn-Al耐蚀合金镀层组分方面是可靠的.     

聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构、形态与力学性能

将插层纳米复合技术与同步互穿聚合物网络（IPN）技术相结合,制备了聚氨酯（PU）/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）/有机蒙脱土（OMMT）纳米复合材料.用XRD,SEM,TEM等手段并通过力学性能测试研究了该复合材料和相应的PU/PMMA-IPN材料的结构、形态和力学性能.结果表明,PU/PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料中一部分蒙脱土以8～20nm厚、50～200nm长的片层有序地分布在聚合物基体中,形成了插层/剥离型纳米复合材料,其力学性能显著优于相应的PU/PMMA-IPN材料.OMMT易与PU/PMMA/OM-MT体系中的PU硬段及PMMA分子链形成氢键结合,使得OMMT,PU,PMMA彼此之间的相互作用加强,相容性改善,导致体系的力学性能显著提高.文中还研究了OMMA添加量、PU/PMMA质量比、过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）添加量、二甲基丙烯酸乙二酯（EGDMA）添加量、1,4丁二醇（BDO）系数等因素对PU/PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料力学性能的影响,获得PU/PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的最佳制备条件为：PU/PMMA质量比为60/40,OMMT,BPO和EGDMA添加量分别为MMA单体质量的5.0%,0.80%和2.0%,BDO系数为0.80.     

单柱离子色谱法分离测定自然水体生物膜中的Mn2+

利用Shim-Pack阳离子色谱柱分离了Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn ²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺和Cd²⁺等金属阳离子, 优化了色谱分析条件, 建立了离子色谱（IC）分离、 测定二价锰离子的方法, 结果表明, 测试的相对标准偏差小于5%, 试样加标回收率为98.78%±9.64%, 对Mn²⁺的检出限为0.69 μmol/L. 此法可用于自然水体生物膜样品中Mn²⁺的分析.