汽油中硫化氢和硫醇硫的极谱分析

用极谱分析法测定了汽油中的硫化氢和硫醇硫的含量.以甲醇、吡啶、去离子水作为混合溶剂,以0.1 mol/L KOH溶液作为支持电解质。把传统的酸性底液改为碱性底液,提高了测定的灵敏度.不经过分离可分别测定硫化氢和硫醇硫的含量,最低检出限量均为1.0×10~(-7)mol/L,回收率在95％以上.     

聚苯硫醚与尼龙6共混物的结晶与熔融行为

本文用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了聚苯硫醚(PPS)与尼龙6(N6)共混物的结晶与熔融行为,并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了 PPS 及其共混物的结晶形态。结果表明,共混物中 N6组分的存在对PPS 晶核的形成有促进作用;PPS 及其共混物在等温结晶过程呈现双峰特征是与 PPS 分子链的端基结构密切相关。经等温结晶处理的试样,在熔融时相应的 PPS 也呈现双峰,其低温峰随结晶温度的提高而向高温方向移动。PPS 及其共混物膜在一定条件下结晶后,可形成典型的树枝晶形态。     

聚苯硫醚/尼龙6共混物的结构与性质

本文采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、广角 X 射发散射(WAXS)及毛细管流变仪等近代测试方法对聚苯硫醚(PPS)与尼龙6(N6)共混物的相容性、相形态、熔体的流变性质及由该共混物所纺制的纤维的力学性质进行了研究.结果表明.PPS 与 N6为热力学不相容的两相体系,但具有良好的机械共混相容性.分散相的尺寸、形状与共混物的组成密切相关.共混物熔体的表观粘度——组成曲线上呈现极小与极大值,反映一般不相容两相体系的流动特征.共混纤维的断裂强度比原 PPS 纤维强度低.但勾结强度有明显增加.     

等效粒子模型在氢气氛下ZnO脱硫研究中的应用

本文用热重法研究了球形及圆柱体T305脱硫剂在氢气氛下脱除COS反应的宏观动力学。实验表明,该反应对COS为一级反应。在240～390℃的温度范围内,就粒子上的反应而言,反应初期受反应本身控制,中后期转移到颗粒扩散控制。反应活化能及产物层扩散活化能分别为19.097 kJ/mol和46.438 kJ/mol.用等效粒子模型描述动力学行为,给出了该模型的各参数估值,讨论了有氢及无氢气氛下模型参数的差异及其原因。     

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide on mineral oxides

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) on mineral oxides including SiO2,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,ZnO and TiO2,which are the main components of atmospheric particles,were investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS),ion chromatography (IC),temperature-programmed desorption (TPD),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The main products and intermediates of the heterogeneous oxidation of OCS on these oxides were identified with in situ DRIFTS and IC. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were also discussed. It is found that the reaction mechanism on these mineral oxides is the same as that on Al2O3 for the same final products and the intermediates at room temperature. Namely,OCS can be catalytically oxidized to produce surface SO42- species and gaseous CO2 through the surface hydrogen thiocarbonate (HSCO2-) and HSO3- species. The activity series for heterogeneous oxidation of OCS follows: Al2O3 ≈ CaO > MgO > TiO2 ≈ ZnO > Fe2O3 > SiO2. The specific area,basic hydroxyl and surface basicity of these oxides have effect on the reactivity. This study suggests that heterogeneous reactions of OCS on mineral dust may be an unneglectable sink of OCS.     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

Authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in sediments of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea and their implications for methane flux and gas hydrate formation

This is a report of the study of the authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in a sediment core (NH-1) collected on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea, where other geo-physical and geochemical evidence seems to suggest gas hydrate formation in the sediments. The study has led to the findings: (1) the pyrite content in sediments was relatively high and its grain size relatively large compared with that in normal pelagic or hemipelagic sediments; (2) the shallowest depth of the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) content maximum was at 437.5 cm (>2 μmol/g), which was deeper than that of the authigenic pyrite content maximum (at 141.5-380.5 cm); (3) δ 34S of authigenic pyrite was positive (maximum: 15‰) at depth interval of 250-380 cm; (4) the positive δ 34S coincided with pyrite enrichment. Compared with the results obtained from the Black Sea sediments by Jorgen-sen and coworkers, these observations indicated that at the NH-1 site, the depth of the sulfate-methane interface (SMI) would be or once was at about 437.5-547.5 cm and the relatively shallow SMI depth suggested high upward methane fluxes. This was in good agreement with the results obtained from pore water sulfate gradients and core head-space methane concentrations in sediment cores collected in the area. All available evidence suggested that methane gas hydrate formation may exist or may have existed in the underlying sediments.     

CaS∶Mn~(2 )荧光体的微波辐射合成及发光特性

用微波辐射法合成了ＣａＳ∶Ｍｎ２＋橙红色荧光化合物，用ＸＲＤ测定了它们的晶体结构，系统考察了各种不同浓度下的Ｍｎ２＋离子激活剂对发光性能影响．初步认为，微波辐射能使Ｍｎ２＋离子在ＣａＳ基质晶格中均匀扩散，并能提高激发剂的掺入量，阻止Ｍｎ２＋离子的簇集，延缓Ｍｎ２＋离子对的形成．合成方法可得到晶相纯、粒度细小均匀、稳定性高、防潮性好和发光效率高的ＣａＳ∶Ｍｎ２＋荧光体．     

一种基于分子内环化反应的荧光触发型探针在硫化氢检测中的应用

硫化氢是一种重要的气体信号分子,参与调节多种生物过程.对生物样品内的硫化氢进行选择性成像是理解其生理功能的一个重要手段.本研究报道一种具有新型反应机理的无荧光探针(DNP-CMP)在硫化氢检测中的应用.通过硫化氢介导硫解反应可脱除DNP-CMP的二硝基苯醚保护基,而暴露的羟基引发探针的分子内环化反应,生成荧光分子香豆素,从而实现硫化氢的低背景检测.DNP-CMP检测硫化氢的专一性高,可藉以实现细胞内硫化氢的荧光成像.