Effect of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone ) on the morph ology and physical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) /sodium montmorill onite nanocompos ite films

Nanocomposites of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA),poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)(PVP) and sodium montmorillonite(Na~+MMT) were prepared by solution mixing and then cast into films.X-ray diffraction analysis and images of transmission electron microscopy establish the formation of PVA/Na~+MMT intercalated nanocomposite.Exfoliated and highly intercalated PVA/PVP/Na~+MMT nanocomposite formed in the presence of PVP.Inclusion of PVP in PVA/Na~+MMT matrix enhances the hydrogen bonding interactions between PVA and Na~+MMT and thus increases the mechanical properties and thermal stability of PVA/PVP/Na~+MMT nanocomposites compared to PVA/Na~+MMT nanocomposite.The interactions between PVA,PVP and Na~+MMT were established by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The moisture absorption tendency of both the PVA and PVA/PVP films reduced after the incorporation of Na~+MMT at 75%constant relative humidity.Differential scanning calorimetry studies show that the presence of PVP and Na~+MMT both are responsible for reducing the heat of fusion,and crystallinity of PVA.The flow behavior of the PVA,PVA/PVP and its nanocomposite solutions has been also studied.Water vapor permeability of PVA/PVP/Na~+MMT composite films decreased in the presence of nanoclay due to increasing tortuous paths for diffusion.     

活性Al2O3负载Mn-Ce氧化物催化分子氧选择氧化醇类研究

以硝酸锰和硝酸铈为锰源和铈源采用湿法浸渍法制备了不同锰铈比的γ-Al2O3负载Mn-Ce氧化物催化剂．实验结果表明,该催化剂能够有效催化以分子氧为氧化剂的醇类选择氧化反应,产物以醛或酮为主,且该催化剂能够多次循环使用而不降低活性．XRD结果表明,负载在Al2O3上的锰主要是以颗粒状β-MnO2形式存在,少量铈的加入能够促进锰的分散,使负载的β-MnO2颗粒变小,从而呈现较高的催化活性．当锰铈原子比为9：1时,催化活性最高．焙烧温度影响催化剂的结构和组成,在较低的温度下（300℃以下）硝酸锰仅能部分分解为β—MnO2,而过高的温度（700℃）将使β-MnO2发生分解,从而降低催化活性．另外,本文还研究了氧分压、反应温度等动力学因素对催化反应性能的影响以及催化剂的稳定性．     

忽思慧《饮膳正要·饮酒避忌》现代读

蒙古族营养学家忽思慧在元代宫廷担任饮膳太医期间,写有《饮膳正要》一书,提出了许多有关人体健康的重要观点．其中《饮酒避忌》一章专门谈了饮酒的利弊,尤其是着重谈了醉后的害处和避忌．长期大量饮酒乃至酗酒,不仅没有任何益处,反而走向反面。伤肝、伤气、伤神、损目、损齿。损坏身体,影响身心健康,甚至危及生命,而且往往因酒后精神错乱,失言、失态,行为越轨,败坏道德,丧失礼仪,给家庭和社会带来不良影响或严重后果．     

Salt effects on formation of microcrystallites in poly(vinyl alcohol) gels prepared by cast-drying method

The preparation method of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) gels by a simple cast-drying technique using salt solutions was reported in the present investigation.The effects of the salt concentration on the macro- and microscopic properties were examined in detail,and the relationships between macroscopic properties,such as swelling ratio,mechanical strength,and the network microstaicture were presented.It was found that the swelling ratio of PVA cast gel increased largely by adding a small amount of salt, and de...     

可溶有机试剂对ICP-AES测定水质铜的影响

通过对比三种有机试剂检测铜浓度变化的结果,得出了＂采用含5%正丙醇溶液检测时仪器性能条件最佳＂的结论.经相关参数的验证,证明此法的标准曲线线性良好,提高了灵敏度;计算得到的检出限为0.000 4 mg/L,低于现行标准;精密度为0.51%~1.1%,准确度为97.1%~105%,符合检测要求.为准确、有效地检测水中微量铜提供了新的方法.     

葡萄糖改性有机硼交联剂在水基聚乙烯醇压裂液中的应用

为验证聚乙烯醇作为水基冻胶压裂液的可行性,提出葡萄糖改性有机硼交联剂的压裂液体系.采用实验室自制葡萄糖改性有机硼交联剂,得出原料最佳配比n(硼砂):n(葡萄糖)=1∶1.5.葡萄糖改性有机硼交联剂对聚乙烯醇有很好的延时性和耐高温性,其交联时间可以控制在60～500 s之间,耐热温度在70℃左右.以聚乙烯醇为稠化剂的水基冻胶压裂液的最低有效浓度可达1.1%.     

超声波气升式内环流反应器合成乙酸苄酯

以乙酸、苯甲醇为原料,浓硫酸为催化剂,在常温下用超声合成乙酸苄酯。实验考察有无超声、超声声强、不同通气量、不同气体性质及不同反应器等参数对催化合成乙酸苄酯的影响。实验结果表明:在超声频率为10 kHz条件下,超声声强为1.0 W/cm2,反应体系中空气流速为0.3 L/m in时,合成乙酸苄酯的酯化率最佳,酯化率达到65.8%。实验中采用的超声波气升式内环流反应器较普通的气升式内环流反应器具有较好的优越性,合成方法反应条件温和,操作简单且反应速度很快。     

Study on Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment to Improve Sizing Performance of Pure Polyester and Polyester/Cotton Yarns

Since polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a sizing agent is not environmental friendly,it' s imperative to use less or even without PVA in the warp sizing.A set of sizing formulas with the same solid containing rate and different proportion were designed.After sizing practice of pure polyester and polyester/cotton yarns with atmospheric pressure plasma treatment by the set of sizing formulas,sizing quality was compared.The results indicate that strength enhancement rate,elongation reduction rate,and abrasion resistance of pure polyester and polyester/cotton sized yarn are significantly improved by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment.Meanwhile,PVA can be used less,or replaced by acrylic acid size.     

In-situ reduced graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite coatings as protective layers on magnesium substrates

A simple and feasible method was developed to fabricate in-situ reduced graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite(GO-PVA) coatings as protective layers on magnesium substrates.Polyvinyl alcohol was used as an in-situ reductant to transform GO into reduced GO.Contiguous and uniform GO-PVA coatings were prepared on magnesium substrates by dip-coating method,and were further thermally treated at 120 ℃ under ambient condition to obtain in-situ reduced GO-PVA coatings.Owing to the reducing effect of PVA.thermal treatment at low temperature led to effective in-situ reduction of GO as confirmed by XRD,Raman,FTIR and XPS tests.The corrosion current density of magnesium substrates in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution could be lowered to its 1/25 when using in-situ reduced GO-PVA coatings as protective layers.     

PVA、聚丙烯纤维和硅烷基粉末对隧道防火涂料性能的影响

在隧道防火涂料配方中加入聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚丙烯纤维及硅烷基粉末进行改性,并进行宏观试验(粘结、耐火、抗渗和抗裂试验)和微观试验(孔结构、电镜扫描和热重分析试验)研究.试验结果表明:在隧道防火涂料中掺入适量的PVA、聚丙烯纤维和硅烷基粉末,可以优化孔结构、改善界面过渡区、使内部受力更均匀,从而提高隧道防火涂料的粘结强度、抗渗和抗裂性能.